4 r V Ac*V/ PROCEEDINGS THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE, TORONTO, BEING A CONTINUATION OF "THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE AND HISTORY." THIED SERIES. VOLUME IV., 1885-86. TORONTO : PRINTED FOR THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE BY THE COPP, CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED, COLBORSE STREET. 1887. OFFICERS CANADIAN INSTITUTE 188 5-1886. W.H. ELLIS, Esq., M.A., M.B. Jftfst Wct-H^xtsxhznt : I ^£x;xmji Viu-ll^xtsibtnt : GEORGE MURRAY, Esq. I GEORGE KENNEDY, Esq., M.A., LL.D. E. a. MEREDITft, Esq., LL.D, %xfSisnxn ------- john notman, esq. ^tcoriiing PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. from the last resting places of Indian braves, nor is it the knowledge of whei'e the largest number of specimens may be found. To do and to know these things is little more than stepping upon the verge of the study, and to prosecute work of this kind it is only necessary to possess a mania for bric-a-bi-ac, some persistence, and a little money. Persons who so conduct the work are collectors, and collectors only, and it is extremely doubtful whether their services are always ot unmixed good. In so far as they further the preservation of speci- mens which otherwise might be lost, they answer a useful purpose, but when these people (forgetful of " ne sutor ultra crepidam,") undertake to ransack, to spoliate, to desecrate the graves of the Indians, for the purpose of satisfying a craving for curiosities, then their labors are not to be commended. It is true that archaeology includes the collection of illustrative specimens — without these the study would be somewhat devoid of interest, and the Canadian Institute aims at the formation of as large and as choice a collection as it is possible to make. But archfeology can only be said to possess any genuine public interest in so far as it is a handmaid to its elder sister, history, and it is the purpose of the Institute so to prosecute its i-esearches in this line that its records and specimens may be mutually instructive. If we take the whole Dominion as a field, the magnitude of the undertaking is too great either for our Society or for any similar organization to entertain for a single moment, and when it is clearly understood how much is involved in the prosecution of the task, it may be doubted whether even our own Province is not more than we can hope to work to the best advantage. I have no hesitation in saying, for my own part, that I think it is, and as it is not improbable that every other member of the Institute is of the same opinion, the question naturally arises, Why, then, undertake so much % The reply is twofold, but brief : First, because hitherto absolutely nothing has been done methodically or scientifically ; and second, because the opportunities for doing anything are rapidly passing away, thousands having already gone for ever. As I have already stated, it is not enough that we collect specimens. It is required in the first place that we make as full and complete a record as possible of every spot in the Province that gives or has given any indication of having been in any way identified with the life-history of owx aborigines, and th-at with these should be collated THE ARCH^OLOGICAL OUTLOOK. 6 every passage in the narratives of our early travellers for the purpose of identifying, as nearly as possible, those localities that are most intimately associated with the historical exploration of the coxmtry. Every mound, every village site, every camping-ground, every battle- field, every burial-pit, and every place upon which has been con- ducted the manufacture of clay vessels, pipes, arrow-points, or other articles, should be accurately measured, sketched, thoroughly explored and fully described. Here, I may take the opportunity to express my pleasure in the knowledge that Mr. Arthur Harvey, a gentleman most deeply read in Canadian historic lore, and who takes more than a warm interest in our project, agrees with me that all such places as those named should be declared public property, and be made inviolate to all bric- a-brackers and pot-hunters until examined by some competent person appointed for that purpose. I am afraid, however, that although this proposition is theoretically sound, and agrees with what has been done in Great Britain for the preservation of historical monuments, there would be too many opportunities and too many temptations to set such an enactment at defiance in this country'-, for us to expect much assistance by means of any legislation having this object in view. Reports of progress should be made from time to time, and if we could afibrd to imitate our American cousins in their issue of beautifully illustrated documents, we might, as a matter of course, expect to arouse a much livelier intei'est among the people than if we present them with what they will be likely to regard as something akin to parliamentary blue-books. Besides all this, the preservation and proper display of the illus- trative objects will prove a matter of no small importance. These must be arranged in suitable cases and be properly classified for the purpose of comparing one with the other. This, ladies and gentlemen, is, in brief, something like what we ought to do, or lilce what ought to be done, through one agency or another. As already mentioned, the Canadian Institute has felt impelled to take action simply for the reason that no other organization or party seemed to evince any similar desire. To prosecute the work in the way it should be prosecuted would necessitate the expenditure of from $5,000 to $6,000 annually for 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. four or five years, and twice either of these sums might be employed to good advantage. In April of the current year we issued a circular asking for infor- mation relative to this subject, in response to which many letters have been received, some expressive of sympathy with the project, some giving information regarding specimens, some promising assistance, and others extending hearty invitations to explore in ' promising localities. In accepting one of these invitations from the Hev. T. T. Johnstone of Ancaster, I went, accompanied by Messrs. James Bain and Arthur Cox, F.R.S.A., to that township, which, from an aboriginal point of view, may almost be called classic — the township of Beverley. Here we collected a number of valuable relics, but owing to the ground hav- ing been seeded down we were unable to do more than examine the surface. Mr. Cox kindly sketched, on the spot, two of the most interesting localities, and I have been peculiarly fortunate in securing the services of an artistic friend to enlarge Mr. Cox's sketches for our use this evening, and I am sure you will agree with me that for the purpose in view the work has been admirably done. On the farm of Mr. James Rae we were taken over a field of about five acres from which there have been collected since the time it was cleared no fewer than 200 iron tomahawks. Of course these are of European manufacture, but are of the type used by the early French and British occupiers to befool the red man in exchange for his peltries, or, it may be, simply for liberty to traverse the country unmolested. In proof of the statement made by Mr. Bae regarding the number of tomahawks turned up here, we found by actual count more than 70 of these uncouth but murderous looking weapons mounted picturesquely along the top of the pickets foi-ming one side of his garden fence. Under the stump of a tree in the field referred to, we unearthed several pieces of pottery, and as the tree itself (judging from an examination of the stump), must have been at least 150 years old, we have an approximation to a date which would correspond very closely with the appearance of the French in these western wilds. Why the tomahawks were left upon the ground by their possessors, is just one of these problems which, if capable of solution at all, we may hope to solve only by the aid of the cognate studies, history and archaeology. The settlers in 'the neighborhood appear to have THE ARCH^OLOGICAL OUTLOOK, 5 theorized a good deal about the question, the opinions, so far as we could gather, being pretty evenly divided between a great battle and a great epidemic. A^Tiat adds to the mystery is that only the other day I had a com- mitnication from a gentleman who formerly lived in the same town- ship, and who informed me that within a few miles of the locality in question he had found, when clearing his farm, the most indubitable evidences of a formerly existing palisaded village upon the site of which he had picked up at least 300 of these iron tomahawks. It would be interesting to compare the weapons found on each place if only for the purpose of discovering whether they are of the same manufacture — both French, or, English and French respectively. Three miles from Mr. Rae's farm we were driven to that of Mr. James Dwyer, where we were told there was an extensive ossuary. This was pointed out to us by Mr. Dwyer almost on the crest of a hill, forming the highest ground in the neighborhood for many miles all round, and within a few rods of the farm buildings. We found the dimensions of the pit, so far as could be ascertained by surface indications, to be about 25 feet in length and nearly half as wide. For the reason already assigned no examination could be made, but I visited the same place again this fall, my friend, the Rev. Mr. Johnstone, being also present, he having engaged the services of four stout men to handle spades and shovels. Nearly twice as many more hands came as volunteers, and in the course of the day we succeeded in exhuming a large number of valuable relics, including an almost perfect clay cup, four perfect clay pipes, a small, neatly- carved human head in stone, about one thousand pieces of white wampum, and many other specimens, all of which are on exhibition here this evening. I should not omit to mention that at the foot and in the rear of the hill on which this burial-pit or ossuary is situated there is a large piece of freestone which has evidently been used by the Indians for grinding and polishing purposes. The proprietor has promised to present it to our museum.* For other valuable contributions we are indebted to the generosity of Mr. Baldwin Jackes, Druggist, 351 Yonge street, Mr. Andrew Elvins, Tailor, Ai*cade, Mr. Loughead, of the township of Sunnidale, * Since presented to us. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. and to tlie York Pioneers. This Society has just made the Institute custodian of a good collection of several hundreds of specimens, and now the demand is for cases in which to preserve all that is in our possession. Although we have to deplore that no records have been kept of numerous historic sites, the very traces of which have become wholly obliterated by the plough and otherwise, it is not yet too late to do something. From the letters I have received during the summer, it appears that there are still many localities that it would be of immense importance to explore before either the farmer or the curiosity-man thinks it desirable, for his own purposes, to begin the work of levelling or burrowing. A recent communication to the Mail points out that in the valley of the Rainy River there is a series of mounds, few of which have as yet been disturbed. The writer, Mr. Chas. N. Bell, of Winnipeg, urges the expediency of having these scientifically treated with all convenient promptitude, but the probability is that nothing will be done until Tom, Dick and Harry, with all their relatives, have so disfigured the landscape and despoiled the deposits as to render any intelligent examination an impossibility. To my mind these monuments, forming, as in all likelihood they do, the very outposts of the territory occupied by the Mound Builders, possess more than ordinary interest. We know their southern limit and their central range, and who can say that the exploration of those in the extreme north may not prove, like a third term in proportion, what is a necessity, by way of enabling us to arrive at a solution of the problem — the problem in this case being : Who were the people that erected these immense earth heaps, and did they move from the north southwards or vice versa 1 At the very least we should have a survey made of these ancient works, with ground-plans, perspective drawings, and accurate descriptions. Near St. Thomas there is said to be another mound, and I have no doubt, if I may judge from letters in my possession, that there are several other similar structures in various parts of the country. So far as private collections are concerned we have reason to be thankful that a few good ones exist, and it is not improbable that some of them at any rate may be secured for a provincial museum as soon as it is within our power to purchase. THE ARCH^OLOGICAL OUTLOOK. 7 To conclude, ladies and gentlemen, let me repeat that the work to be done is of such magnitude that without a considerable expenditure of time and money it will be quite out of the question to ^perform it in anything like a thorough or satisfactoiy manner. It should be either aided or wholly executed by the Dominion or Provincial Government. There can be no doubt that under the auspices of the former there would be immense and peculiarly advantageous opportunities, but in that case the collection formed would centre at Ottawa, which can scarcely be pronounced the educational or literary capital of the Dommion. We shall hail with delight any efforts made towards the prosecu- tion of ai'ch geological research, from a really national standpoint, but when we regard our own Province (and so regard it we must) as the most important of these colonies, and when we recognize the even more apparent fact that Toronto is the principal literary and scien- tific city in the Province, if not in the whole confederation, we naturally and quite unselfishly desire to see the outcome of public effort placed where it will do the most good. But quite independent of any Dominion scheme that may or may not be consummated, Ontario owes it to herself as the richest, most populous, and most advanced Province, to work her own territory to the best advantage in this respect, and to form an archaeological museum in the City of Toronto — the Queen City — the City of Schools — that will not only redound to our credit as an intelligent people, but that will attract students from distant lands, and enable the scientific investigator of the future to thank heavfen for the somewhat tardy foresight that has provided for him, (figura- tively speaking) a feast of fat things. SECOND MEETING. The Second Meeting was held on Saturday, 28th November, 1885, the President in the Chair. It v/as moved by Dr. E. A. Meredith, seconded by Dr. George Kennedy, " That the members of the Canadian Institute cannot allow this, their first meeting since the death of John Milne Buchan, M.A., to O PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. pass without placing on record the expression of their deep regret at the loss which the Society has sustained in his removal from amongst them, in the prime of life, and when, apparently, he had before him many years of honorable and useful work. They grate- fully remember the marked progress which the Institute made during the two years of his Presidency, the earnest and active interest which he took in all its proceedings, and the kindliness and sympa- thy which characterized all his relations with his fellow- workers in the Institute. They desire also to express their sincere and heartfelt sympathy with Mr. Buchan's widow and family, in their great and sudden bereavement." The President, in declaring the motion carried, expressed his deep sense of the loss which had befallen the Institute, and his personal sympathy with the words of the resolution. The following list of donations and exchanges received since the annual meeting was read : I.— CANADIAN. 1. Valuation Tables at Compound Interest, by Walter S. Andrews. (From the author.) 2. Monthly Weather Review, Dominion of Canada, April, May, June, July, August, September and October, 1885 — 7 Nos. 3. Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science, Vol. VI., Part II., 1883-84. 4. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol. II., 1884. 5. The Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XVII. , Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10—7 Nos. 6. The Canadian Practitioner, Vol. X., Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, June— Nov., 1885—6 Nos. 7. Monthly Health Bulletin of Ontario, for March and April, May, July, 1885—3 Nos. 8. Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada : (1) Report of Progress for 1882-83-84. (2) Maps to accompany the above Report — 4. (3) Ten Sheets Geological Map of New Brunswick, Quebec and Prince Edward Island. (4) Twenty-four Sheets Geological Map of Cape Breton. 9. The Extinct Cuttle-Fish of the Canadian North- West, by A. McCharles. 10. Statutes of Ontario, 48th Victoria, 1885. 11. In Memoriam — George Etienne Cartier. Presented by the author. G. W. Wicksteed, Esq., through Dr. E. A. Meredith. 12. Number and Nature of the Vowel Sounds, by M. L. Rouse, Esq. 13. The Canadian Record of Science, Vol. I., Nos. 3 and 4. SECOND MEETING. 9 14. Fifteenth Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 15. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, Vol. IV., 1884. 16. Ancient Rock Inscriptions on the Lake of the Woods, by A. C. Lawson, M.A. 17. Le Naturaliste Canadien, Vol. XV., Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5. 18. Sessional Papers relating to the Canadian Pacific Railway, 1882-83. 19. Toronto Water Works — Annual Report of the City Engineer and Man- ager for 1883-84. 20. The Innervation of the Heart of the Slido Terrapin (Pseudemys Rugosa) by T. Wesley Mills, M.A. 21. The Secretion of Oxalic Acid in the Dog under a varying diet, by the same. 22. Memorial Volume— Toronto Past and Present, 1834—1884. From the Mayor and Corporation. 23. Catalogue of Books presented to the Toronto Public Library by John Hallam. Esq. From the Public Library Board. 24. Annual Report of the Bureau of Industries, Province of Ontario, 1884, by Mr. A. Blue. Total Canadian, 48 numbers and 38 maps. II.— UNITED STATES EXCHANGES. 1. The School of Mines Quarterly, Columbia College, New York. Vol. III., Nos. 2, 3, 4. IV., " 2, 3, 4. v., " 1, 2, 3, 4, VI., " 1, 2, 3, 4. " VIL, No. 1. 2. The American Journal of Science, for May, June, July, August, Sept.* ■ Oct., Nov., 1885. 3. Science, Vol. V , Nos. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125. Vol. VI., Nos. 126—146, 147. 4. Journal of the New York Microscopical Society, Vol. I., Nos. 4 — 7. 5. Proceedings of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Parts I. and II., 1885. 6. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. III., No. XL 7. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXIII., Part I. 8. From the U. S . Geological Survey : (1) The Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior, by Prof. R. D. Irving. (2) Third Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1881-82, by the Director, J. W. Powell. (3) Geology of the Comstock Lode and the Washoe District, by George F. Becker. (4) Atlas to accompany the same. (5) Contributions to the Knowledge of the Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia, by William Morris Fontaine. (6) Silver-Lead Deposits of Eureka, Nevada, by Joseph Story Curtis. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. (7) Palaeontology of the Eureka District, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. (8) Fourth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, 1882-83. 9. Harvard University Bulletin, Vol. IV., Nos. 31 and 32. 10. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IX., Nos. 1, 2, 3. 11. Proceedings of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, Nos. XXI. and XXII. 12. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. III., Nos. 5 — 8. (3) 13. (1) Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, Vol. XXI., Nos. 7—12 ; Vol. XXIL, Nos. 1—3. (3) (2) Bulletin of the Essex Institute, Vol. XVII., Nos. 1—3. 14. Catalogue of the Library of the Peabody Institute of the City of Balti- more, Part II., D.— G. 15. Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. XVIII., No. 4 ; Vol. XIX., Nos. 1, 2. 16. Journal of the Franklin Institute, for June, July, August, Sept., Oct., Nov., 1885. 17. Bulletin of the Brockville Society of Natural History, No. 1. 18. (1) First Biennial Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan, from Sept. 1st, 1880, to Sept. 30, 1882. (2) Twenty-second Annual Report of the same from Oct. 1st, 1882, to Sept. 30, 1883. 19. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, April, Maj^ June, July, and August, Sept., Oct., 1885. 20. Eighteenth Annual Report of the Peabody Institute, of the City of Bal- timore. 21. Appleton's Literary Bulletin, Vol. IV., May to October — 3 Nos. 22. Proceedings of the Newport Natural History Society for 1883 and 1884-85. (2) 23. Diary of David Zeisberger, Trans., by Eugene F. Bliss, 2 Vols. (From the Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio.) 24. Compendium of the Tenth Census of the United States, 2 Vols., Parts I. and II., (June 1st, 1880.) From the Hon. the Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 25. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. VI., Part 2. 26. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. XL, No. 11 ; Vol. XII., No. 1. 27. The International Standard, July, 1885. 28. Transactions of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Annual Meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science, 188.3-84, Vol. IX. 29. The Geological and Natiiral History Survey of Minnesota, 1872 — 1882, Vol. I. Geology, by N. H. Winchel, assisted by Warren Uphani. 30. Bulletin of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, 1880-82, Vol. IL, No. 5. 31. (1) Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Vol. II., Article III., Parti. (2) Description of New Illinois Fishes, by S. A. Forbes. (3) Fourteenth Report of the State Entomologist of the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of Illinois. S. A. Forbes. 1884. SECOND MKETING. 11 32. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, N. S. Vol. III., Part 4. 33. Bulletin of the Sedalia Natural History Society, No. 1. (August, 1885.) 34. (1) The Public Domains, with Statistics, U. S. A. (2) Land Laws of the United States, Local and Temporary, 2 Vols. (3) Existing Land Laws. (From the Hon. the Secretary of the In- terior, Washington, T).C. 35. (1) Smithsonian Report for 1876. (2) Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. XXIV. and XXV. 36. Historical Fallacies regarding Colonial New York. (From the Oneida Historical Society. 37. (1) Proceedings of the Rhode Island Historical Society, 1883-84 ; 1884-85. (2) Same, New England Almanac, by Amos Perry. (Providence.) 38. From the Bureau of Steam Engineering, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. : (1) Extract from Annual Report of the Chief of Bureau of Steam Engineering, 1869. (2) Report made to the Bureau, Nov. 5, 1880. (3) " " " Aug. 9, 1882. (4) " " " March 3, 1883. (5) " " " April 6, 1883. (6) Annual Report for 1884. 39. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York, Vol. I., No. 6. 40. Johns Hopkins University Circulars, Vol. IV., 42 ; Vol. V., 43, 44. 41. Magazine of American History, Nov. and Dec, 1885. 42. Proceedings and Collections of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, Vol. II., Part 1. 43. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History : Vol. IIL, Nos. 1, 3, 4. IV., v., VL, VII. " VIII., Nos. 1, 2, 3. 44. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, 1885, No. 1. 45. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science : Vol. 31, Parts 1,2; Vol. 32. " 33, " 1, 2, 1882-83-84. 46. Abstract of Proceedings of the New York Academy of Anthropology for 1884. 47. Intimate Connection between Gravitation and the Solar Parallax, by Thomas Bassnett. (Per Mr. M. L Rouse.) 48. Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, Vols. I. and II. 49. Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific Society, Vol. 1.— 1883 and 1884. 50. From the Georgia Historical Society : (1) Reply to Resolution of Georgia Historical Society, by Rt. Rev. Stephen Elliott— Feb. 12, 1866. (2) Eulogy of Rt. Uev. Stephen Elliott— 1867. (3) Reminiscences of Service with the First Volunteer Regiment of (Georgia, in Charleston Harbour — 1863. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. (4) & (5) Constitution and By-Laws of Georgia Historical Society — 1871 ; ditto, 1883. (6) Wilde's Summer Rose, by A. Barclay — 1871. (7) In Memoriam — Edward Jenkins Harden — 1873. (8) Dedication of Hodgson Hall, Feb. 14, 1876. (9) Sergeant William Jasper, Jan. .3, 1876. (10) The Georgia Historical Society — Fits oundertrno,andaPs Friends, Feb. 14, 1881. (11) A Suggestion to the Origin of the Plan of Savannah, Sept. 7, 1885« 51. The American Naturalist, Vol. XIX., No. 11, for Nov., 1885. (From the publishers.) 52. The Library of Cornell University, Vol. I., No. 12. Special Lists — No. I. Mathematics. Total United States, 189 numbers. III.— GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 1. (1) Minutes and Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vols. LXXIX., LXXX., LXXXL, LXXXII. (2) Charter By-Laws and List of Members of the Institution of Civil Engineers, June 3, 1885. (3) Heat audits Mechanical Applications. Lectures, I. C. E., 1883-84. (4) Brief Subject— Index.— I. C. E. Vol. LIX. to LXXXII. ; Sessions 1879-80 to 1884-85. 2. Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Vol. XVIII. , No. 72; Vol. XIX., Nos. 73, 74. 3. (1) Report and Transactions of the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society, for 1883. (2) The Midland Naturalist, (N.S.) Vol. VII., Nos. 73—84 ; Jan.— Dec, 1884 ; Vol. VIIL, Nos. 85—95 ; Jan.— Nov., 1885. (3) Report and Transactions of the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society, Nos. 3, 4, 5, for 18S0, 1881, 1882. 4. Archseologia Aeliana, Part 29, Vol. X., No. 3 ; Part 30, Vol. XL, No. 1. 5. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. XLV., Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9. 6. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, (N.S.) Vol. VII., Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. May to Nov., 1885. 7. Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XVL, Part L 8. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XIV., No. 4 ; Vol. XV., Nos. 1, 2. 9. Triibner's American, European and Oriental Literary Record, Nos. 209 — 212, 215-216. 10. Journal of the Linnean Society of London : (1) Botany, Vols. XX. and XXL, Nos. 130—137. (2) Zoology, " XVIII. and XIX., Nos. 101—108. (3) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. March — Oct., 1883. (4) List of the Linnean Society of London, 1SS3, 1884, 1885. 11. Proceedings of the Royal Colonial Institute, Vol. 16, 1884^85. 12. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Ser. II., Vol. V., Pts. 3, 4, 5. : ; SECOND MEETING. 13 13. (1) Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. V., Parts 1, 2,3., (2) Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. XIV., Part 1. 14. (1) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vols. XI. and XII., 1881—83. (2) Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XXX., Parts 2 and 3 ; Vol. XXXII., Part 1. 15. Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, Vol. XVIII., Parts 8, 9, 10. 16. Quaritch's Catalogues, Nos. 362, 363, 364. 17. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Nos. 237 — 249. 18. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, Ser. II., Vol. II., Nos. 12, 13. 19. Ocean and Air Currents, by Thomas D. Smellie. 20. Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh : Vol. I., Part 2. (1856-58.) " IV., Parts 1, 2, 3. (1874-78.) v.. Part I. (1878-79.) " VI., (1880-81.) 21. Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archseological and ^Natural History Society for 1884, (N.S.) Vol. X. 22. Annual Report of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society for 1884-85. 23. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Vol. VI., (N. S.) 24. Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow : Vol. XVI. and Vol. 11. , Parts 1—4. " IIL, " 1—6. " IV., " 1, 2. . " IX., " 1, 2. " XL, " 2. "XIIL, "1. " XV. 25. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, Vol. IV., Part^III. ; Vol. v., Part 1. 26. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vols. XXXVL— XXXVIII. , Nos. 228—238. 27. (1) Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, Vol. IV. (N. S.) Parts 5 and 6. (2) Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, Vol. IIL (Series II.) Parts 4, 5, 6. 28. (1) Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow : Vol. I., Parts r, 2. II., " 2, 3. " IIL, " 1, 2. " IV., " 2, 3. Vol. v.. Part 1. Vols. VI. and VII, 1876— '84. Palaeoutological Series, Part I. (2) Catalogue of the Western Scottish Fossils. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 29. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Vol. X. — XI,, 1885. 30. The Scottish Geographical Magazine, Vol. I., No, 4—11, April to Nov., 1885. 31. Palestine Exploration Fund — Quarterly Statement — Jan., April, July and Oct., 1885. Total Great Britain and Ireland, 178 numbers. IV.— BRITISH COLONIES, (EXCLUSIVE OF CANADA.) 1. (1) Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, No. XL, Dec, 1884; No. I.— v., Jan,— May, 1885. (2) Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, (N.S.) Vol. LIIL, Part 1, Special Number. PartIL, No. III., 1884. Vol. LIV., Part I., Nos. 1 and 2, 1885. 2. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, for 1883 and 1884. 3. (1) Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palceontologia Indica : Series IV„ Vol. I., Part 4. X., " III., Parts 4, 5 and 6. " XIV., " 13, Part 4. (2) Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. XVIII,, Parts 2 and 3, '85. 4. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Vol. XVII. , 1884. 5. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, for 1883, Vol. XVII. 6. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, Vol. I., Parts 1 — 4, 1884-85. Total British Colonies, 23 numbers. v.— FOREIGN EXCHANGES. 1. Bulletin de la Society d' Anthropologic de Paris, Tome Huitieme (III Serie), Fascicules, 1, 2, 3, Janvier a JuUlet, 1885. 2. Cosmos di Guido Cora, Vol. VIII. , No. 1—7, 1884. 3. M^moires et Compte Rendu des Travaux de la Soci^t^ des Ingenieurs Civils, Novembre et D^cembre, 1884 ; Janvier, F6vrier, Avril, Mai et Juin, 1885. 4. Verhandlungen des Vereins f iir Naturwissenschaftliche Unterhaltung zu Hamburg, 1878—1882. Band V., 1883. 5. Bulletin de la Society G^ologique de France : 3 S^rie, Tome I., No. 1. III., " 3. IV., " 6. v.. " 7- " VII., " 3, 7, 8, 9, 1( " IX., " XL, " 2. " XIL, " 2, 4, 5, 6, 9. " XIIL, '• 3, 4, 5, 7. SECOND MEETING. 15 6. Ymer Tidskrift Utgifven af Svenska Sallskapet for Anthropologi och Geografi, 1885. (Femte argangen. 2a, 3e, 4e, Haftet. ) 7. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Soci6t6 de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 1884. 8. Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Process! Verbali, Vol. IV. 9. (1) Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaften Gesell- schaft, Isis in Dresden, 1884. Juli bis December. (2) Festschrift der Natur. Gesell. Isis, 14 Mai, 1885. 10. Abhandlungen vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen : VIII., Band, 2 Heft. IX., " 1, 2, " 11. (1) Verhandlungen der K. K. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1884, Nr. 1 bis 18. (2) Jahrbuch der K. K. Geologischen Eeichsanstalt, 1884, XXXIV. Band, 4 Heft ; XXXV. Band, 1 Heft, 1885. (3) Verhandlungen, 1885, Nr. 1—7. (Wien.) 12. Bulletin dela Society Royale Beige de Geographie, 1884. Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6. 13. Nachrichten von der K. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg- Augusts Universitat zu Gottingen, 1884. No. 1 — 13. 14. (1) Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-pliysikalischen Classe der k. b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Mlinchen, 1884. Hefte 1., II., III., IV. (2) Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philologischen und historischen Classe der k. b. Akademie der Wissen, zu Miinchen, 1884, Hefte I., II., III., IV., v., VI. (3) Gedachtnissrede auf Theodor L. W. von Bischoff. (4) Rudolph Agricola. (5) Franz von Kobell. (6) Almanach der k. b. Akademie der Wissen. zu Miinchen fiir 1884. 15. Annales des Mines, Huitieme S^rie, Tome VII., 1, 2, 3, Livraisons de 1885. 16. Correspondenz-Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologic, Eth- nologic und Urgeschichte, XVI. Jahrgang, Nr, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, 9. April bis September, 1885. 17. Mittheilungen der deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Natur. und Volkerkunde Oestasiens 32, 33, Hefte Mai, u. August, 1885. 18. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, Tome XIX. to XX., 1882-83, 1883-84. (1) Theologi. (2) Philosophi, Sprakvetenskap och Historia. (3) Rjitts och Statsvetenskap. (4) Mathematik och Naturvetenskap. (8 numbers. ) (5) Lunds Universitets — Bibliotek Accessions Katalog, 1884. 19. Le Globe, 4e S^rie, Tome IV. Bulletin No. 2. 20. Bole tin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba. (Republica Argentina), Tomo VII., Entrega 4a. 21. Annaes da Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto, Nos. 1 and 2. 22. Sur la Valeur Morphologique de la Trompe d'Eustache par M. le Pro- fesseur Paul Albrecht, Bruxelles. Two other pamphlets by the same. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 23. Schriften der physikalisch-okonomischen Gesellschaft i Pr. fiinfund- zwanzigster Jahrgang, erste und Zweite Abtheilungen . 24. Verliandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte, Sitzungen, 12, 17 Januar, 21 Februar, 21 Marz, 18 April, 16 Mai. 25. Annuaire Geologique Universel et Guide du Geologique, 1885. 26. Forhandlinger i Videuskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1884. 27. Memoirs of the University of Tokio, No. 11. A System of Iron Rail- road Bridges for Japan, by J. A. L. Waddell, C. E , in 2 Vols . 28. Publications de la Societe d'Ethnographie, Paris. 29. Berichte iiber die Verliandlungen der Koniglich Sachsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Mathematisch-Physische, Classe 18S4 and 1885, I., II. 30. Bulletin de la Soci^ti^ Royale de Botanique de Belgique, Tome 24me. Fas. ler, 1885. 31. Archivio per I'Antropologia e la Etnologia, Quindieesimo Volume. Fas. Primo, Firenze. 32. Magnetische und Meteorologische Beobachtungen an der K. K. Sternwarte zu Prag, 1884. 45 Jahrgang. 33. Archives N^erlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles. Tome XIX. JSTos. 3, 4, 5 ; Tome XX., 1, 2. 34. Verhandlungen der K. K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, XXXIV. u. XXXV., Bande. 35. Anales del Museo Nacional de Mexico, Tomo III., Eutrega la, 1885. 36. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, Nos. 10, 11, 12, from La Societe Royale de Zoologie " Natura Artis Magistra." 37. Mittheilungen der k. k. Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien, XXXVII. Band. 38. Bulletin de la Societe Royale Beige de Geographic Nos. 4, 5, 6, 1884. Juillet-Octobre. 39. Bulletin de I'Academie Royale de Copenhague, 1884, Nos. 2, 3 ; 1885, No. 1. 40. 24 und 25 Bericht iiber die Thatigkeit des Offenbacher Vereins fiir Natur- kunde, vom 4. Mai, 1882, bis 11 Mai, 1884. 41. (1) Jaarboek van de K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, 1883. (2) Verslagen en Mededeelingen der K. Akademie van Wetenschappen, Deel XIZ. Stuk 1, 2, 3. (3) Naam en Zaakredgister of de Verslagen en Mededeelingen. Deel 1 — XX. 42. (1) Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Ilandhngar, 3 Vols., Bd. 18, 19-1-d 2, 1880-1881. (2) Bihang Bd. 6. 1, 2 ; 7 : 1, 2 ; 8 : I, 2 ; 1880—1883. 6 Vols. (3) Ofversigt af K. Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar, 38, 39, 40. (4) Lefnadsteckningar 5, Band 2, Hafte 2. (5) Beskyddare, 1882, 1883, 1884. 43. (1) Sitzungsberichte der k. k. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Prag, 1882, 1883, 1884. (2) Kalousek Geschichte, I. (3) Studnicka Bericht, I. (4) Generalregister, 1874—1884. (5) Verzeichniss der Mitglieder. CLASSICAL NOTES. 17 44. Arbok hins Islenza Fornleifafelags, 1884-85, Reykjavik. 45. Yahrbiicher der K. K. Central Anstalt fiir Meteorologie und Erdmag- netismus, Wien, 1883. XX. Band. 46. Bullettino della Sezione Fiorentina della Societa Africana d'ltalia, Volume I., Fascicoli 1, 2, 3, 4. Total Foreign, 207 numbers. Summary Compared with the Numher Received During the Same Period of Last Year. 1884. 1885. Canadian •. 36 48 and 38 maps. United States 75 189 Great Britain and Ireland . 63 178 British Colonies, exclusive of Canada 20 23 Foreign 93 207 Total 287 645 Increase 358 ' The following were elected members : — F. T. Shutt, B.A., J. H. Cameron, B.A., J. H. McGeary, B.A., Edward Farrar, Esq., W. S. Andrews, Esq., Dion C. Sullivan, LL.B., G. A. Dickson, M.A. The President presented the following paper, by Professor Hutton, entitled CLASSICAL NOTES. In Demosthenes' first speech against Aphobus occur the following words (815) : " et'f ydp Tfjv (JV/j,/u.opiav virsp k/ioii awtTci^avTO Kara rag irevre kuI elKoai fivdg TVEVTaKoalaq dpaxfJ^cig Eia(l>Epeiv." Compare the second speech, 836, 837, 838 • " I'p/ejuova fiE Tf/g avfifiopiaq KaradTTiaag ovk enl fiiKpolg ri/uyfiatjiv aTOJ kirl Tr]2,iK0VT0ig uare Kard rag Tzevre koI uKoai fivag TTEvraKoaiag Ela^kpeiv .... ovde ravTa cnrocpaivovTEg k^ uv TCfiy^adfiEVOL rag £iaopa.g ElaEipeperE aTJid fifjv £K ys rfig oiKiag nal tuv TETrdpuv mi. deaa dvSpanoSuv not rav TpiaKovra [ivSyv Trjv ela^opav ovx olov te yEviadat Toaavrrjv, ogtjv vfCElg awErd^aadE irpog ttjv avfiiiopiav" In all these passages siaipopa and elacpipsiv mean^^io^ a special property tax and the payment of such, which is their usual meaning, but the taxable value of property and the return of suchjto the com- 3 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. missioners. "They agreed to return as taxable 500 drachmae (or five minpe) for every twenty-five minse" : i. e., they agreed to return the property as taxable upon one-fifth of its amount, i. e., as belong- ing to the first class. The five hundred drachmse therefore is not the amount paid, but the amount returned as taxable out of every twenty-five minse : the amount actually paid out of every twenty-five minse would be, of course, a fraction much smaller than this one-fifth : (probably not more, as a general thing, than five per cent, on this fifth, or one per cent, on the whole. See Kennedy's Demosthenes, Yol. I., Appen- dix 4, p. 309, note). These passages are fully explained by Boeckh (Public Economy of Athens, Yol. II., pp. 285-288, and again 316). Schaefer, however, reduces them to nonsense by taking elirfipeiv in its ordinary sense, of paying a property tax. Kennedy, of course, translates correctly ; but he does not notice the difiiculty. The school edition of Penrose is correct, and gives the reference to Boeckh ; but, unless its readers turn up Boeckh for themselves, they will not find that the force which Demosthenes attaches to elacpipsv^ and slfffopa here is merely anomalous, and due apparently to carelessness and the desire for bi'evity. Liddell and Scott (the last edition included) have missed these passages, and recognize the two words only in their ordinary sense. Plato, Republic IX., chap. 9, 583 B. " Tavra filv rolvvv ovtu 6v' kfe^yg av elr/ Kal dif vevLKT]Kug 6 SiKaiOQ tov aSmov TO 6e Tp'lTOV b/lVflTTlKUg T(j OUTTJpi TE Kul TU 'OT^VflTviu All CldpEl OTl Kol K.T.Pi.." The common explanation of this passage in Stallbaum and Bekker is satisfactory enough. The first libation at the Greek banquet was to Olympian Zeus ; the second to the heroes or to Earth ; the third to Zeus the Saviour. But the champion at Olympia would naturall}^ couple with his last libation the double title of Zeus — the Olympian no less than the Saviour — for the omen's sake. In the same way for Plato's just man, who is compared to an athlete of Olympia contending in three contests against his rival, the third libation poured by his friends is poured to Olympian Zeus. To the references given in Stallbaum and Bekker it is worth while to add a very close parallel which they have overlooked. In CLASSICAL NOTES. 19 Pindar's fifth Isthmian ode (the sixth according to the other arrange- ment) occurs an exact counterpart : " eltj (5£ rpiTov auTTJpi TTopaalvovrag 'OTiV/Lnriu Aiycvav Kara cnevdeLV fieTiKpOdyyoig aoidali;." (10-12). " May it be mine to offer a third bowl to Olympian Zens the Saviour, and pour over the land of ^gina a libation of honey-sweet song." Pindar has sang one ode (Nem. Y.) for one member of his hero's family ; and this is the second and celebrates an Isthmian victory. There remains therefore yet to be won victory at Olympia. Accord- ingly the poet prays that it may be his lot to pour a tijird libation- ode, in honour of Zeus, " Saviour and Olympian." " Saviour" be- cause to Zeus by this title the third libation is poured. " Olympian" because the victory which he hopes to celebrate is to be won at Olympia. NOTES ON JUVENAL AND HORACE Juvenal, Sat. XIY., 281-283. Grande operae pretium est, ut tenso folle reverti Inde domum possis tumidaque superbus aluta Oceani monstra et juvenes vidisse marinos. Such is the form in which this passage appears in the first edition of Mr. Mayor, and in the editions of Jahn, Heinrich, Ruperti, Hackermann, Stocker, and Lemaire ; and in the second edition of Mr. Escott. Of these editors the last two only have translated the passage : the former correctly, the latter, misled by the punctuation, quite wrongly. Lemaire paraphrases " operae pretium est vidisse . unde redeant," making vidisse depend on operae pretium est. Mr, Escott translates, " you have an ample reward in that you are able to return home with swelling purse," etc. The others pass by the passage in silence. In whatever sense they took it, their punctua- tion, at any rate, is indefensible. Better is the punctuation of Achaintre's and of the Delphin edi- tion, which place commas at est, possis, aiiUa, and monstra ; and better still the text of Mr. Simcox, who punctuates at est, possis, and aluta only. But, even so, the construction is obscured by the punc- tuation ; and the Delphin editor seems to have missed it : he para- phrases "magnum quid fecisse putas si dives redeas," and again, 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. " si videas et redeas," as though reverti and vidisse were co-ordinate, and both dependent on possis. The punctuation of Mr. Macleane (a comma at possis only) seems to point yet more directly to this misunderstanding. The true construction is obvious enough after a glance. The "whole clause from ut to aluta is parenthetic and should stand by itself : vidisse is the subject of operae pretium, est. Grande operae pretium est ut tenso foUe reverti Inde domum possis tumidaque superbus aluta Oceani monstra et juvenea vidisse marinos. " A precious reward this for all your trouble, to have faced the monsters of the deep and the mermen, and all for the sake of returning home with full purse and the pride of stuffed money-bags." i. e. It is not worth your while to face the great leviathan for the sake of a full purse. In his second edition Mr. Mayor has altered his punctuation cor- rectly and introduced a comma at aluta; but his notes are still silent. Yet the fact that previous to this only one edition, and that the most modest of all, the school edition of Mr. Prior, had printed the passage correctly (Prior also added a correct translation), seems to show that a note is not unnecessary. Horace, Epistle I., 1, lines 13-19. ^ Ac ne forte roges quo me duce quo lare tuter, Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri Quo me cunque rapit tempestas deferor hospes. Nunc agilis fio et mersor civilibus undis, Virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles : Nunc in Arisfcippi furtim praecepta relabor Et mihi res non me rebus subjungere conor. The difficulty of the passage lies in the last two lines. What is the connection between them 1 The most natural and, I believe, the correct interpretation makes the last an amplification of the line before, and a definition at once of " Aristippi praecepta," and of the Stoic creed contained in lines 16 and 17. "At one time," says Horace, "I am all for action, and I plunge into the ocean of public life the guardian and stiff-necked champion of straight-laced righteousness ; at another time I fall away uncon- sciously to Aristippus' maxims, and try to make the world serve me, instead of serving it." CLASSICAL NOTES, 21 That is to say, Horace is contrasting the Stoic, who is a missionary and lives not for himself but for the world, and who accordingly is a man of action and of affairs, with the Cyrenaic voluptuary, who sacrifices everything for himself, and who regulates his dealings with the world by the amount of pleasure to be extracted for himself thei'efrom. The latter also, if it so chance, will be a man of action and afiairs ; but if he is, it is only because he gets more enjoyment from the life of action than from the quietist's life. Like the Chris- tian, but in a very different sense, the Cyrenaic is " in the world but not of it." So understood the passage is coherent and simple. Unfortunately a good deal of misplaced ingenuity has been spent upon it till its simplicity has been obscured. Meineke and others even wished to transpose lines 19 and 17, and read : Et mihi res non me rebus subjungere conor Virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles, Nunc in Aristippi, etc., while Dobree secured the same result awkwardly, though with less violence, by changing non to nunc. They could not understand how a Stoic, whose aim was to be independent of the world, could be said to submit himself to it. And even Orelli escapes the same con- clusion only by denying that the last line contains any reference to Stoicism : the last line, he seems to say, is added to qualify and minimize the preceding. Horace proclaims himself a Cyrenaic, but hastens to add that, though he does not despise the good things of this world, he is yet no slave to them. Interpreted to refer to Stoicism, the last line is (he says) inconsistent with one of the articles of the Stoic creed : ob 8sT npoffdyjxrjv aorov rwv kxrbq yiyveadat. aXk' ixEtva aoTU) Tzpoffdetvat (Epict : 1, 4, 49). The inconsistency that Orelli sees here is imaginary. Epictetus is saying that the Stoic is not dependent upon worldly advantages or the creature of them : Horace is saying that the Stoic works for the world's good and not for his own pleasure ; the two propositions are perfectly compatible. The only quotations concerning the Stoic creed which are to the point here are the well known — Non sibi sed toti genitos se credere mundo