ISSN 0370-6583
Volume 61 Número 1 2010
cm
2 3 4
5 6
7
SciELO/JBRjf^^
16 17 18 19 20
cm ..
INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS JARDIM BOTÂNICO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 - Jardim Botânico - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - CEP 22460-180
© JBRJ
ISSN 0370-6583
Presidência da República
LUIS INÁCIO LULA DA SILVA Presidente
Ministério do Meio Ambiente
CARLOS MINC BAUMFELD Ministro
IZABELLA MÔNICA VIEIRA TEIXEIRA Secretária-Executiva
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
USZT VIEIRA Presidente
Indexação
DOAJ
Index of Botanical Publications (Harvard University Herbaria) Latindex
Referativnyi Zhumal Review of Plant Pathology UlridVs International Periodicals Directory
Esta publicação é afiliada à ABEC- Brasil
Rodriguésia
A revista Rodriguésia é uma publicação trimestral do Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, a qual foi criada em 1 935. A Revista publica artigos científicos originais, de revisão, de opinião e notas científicas em diversas áreas da Biologia Vegetal (taxonomia, sistemática e evolução, fisiologia, fitoquímica, ultraestrutura, citologia, anatomia, palinologia, desenvolvimento, genética, biologia reprodutiva, ecologia, etnobotânica e filogeografia), bem como em História da Botânica e atividades ligadas a Jardins Botânicos.
Ficha catalográfica
Rodriguésia: revista do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. — Vol.l, n. 1 (1935) - Rio de Janeiro! Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 1935- v. : il. ; 28 cm.
Trimestral
Inclui resumos em português e inglês ISSN 0370-6583
1 . Botânica I. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
CDD - 580 CDU - 58(01)
Corpo Editorial Editora-chefe
Karen Lucia Gama De Toni, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Editores-assistentes
André Mantovani, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Daniela Zappi, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Inglaterra
Editores de Área
Alessandra Rapini, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA Francisca Soares de Araújo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
Gilberto Menezes Amado Filho, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Giselda Durigan, Instituto Horestal do Estado de São Paulo, Assis, SP
Lana da Silva Sylvestre, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ
Marccus Vinícius Alves, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE
Maria das Graças Sajo, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP
Nivaldo Peroni, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC
Tania Sampaio Pereira, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Tânia Wendt, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Editoração
Carla Molinari
Simone Bittencourt
Dayane Martins (bolsista CNCFlora)
Capa
Simone Bittencourt
Edição on-line
Carla Molinari Simone Bittencourt
Edição eletrônica
http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
Editorial
A Rodriguésia - Revista do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro apresenta aqui seu primeiro fascículo de 2010. Esta publicação contempla um momento valioso! a Rodriguésia completa agora 75 anos de existência.
Um aniversário que merece novidades. A primeira acontece pela criatividade e excelência de nosso Corpo Técnico. Uma nova formatação da revista é aqui apresentada; mantendo a idéia da carnaúba como marca da Revista. Buscamos uma evolução capaz de gerar pronta identidade visual a nossos manuscritos. Na capa, fazemos referência à Carnaúba, ao mesmo tempo que os trabalhos publicados ganham pronta visibilidade pela citação na contra-capa. Acreditamos que assim a mudança na aparência final dará maior visibilidade às publicações da Rodriguésia.
A segunda e muito importante novidade é a adoção de um sistema eletrônico de editoração de revistas — o SEER, o qual é distribuído gratuitamente através de uma inovadora iniciativa do IBICT. Após poucos meses do início da utilização deste sistema, podemos afirmar que o mesmo reduz drasticamente o período de avaliação dos manuscritos, como também dá ao corpo técnico da revista maior confiabilidade no processo editorial.
Em terceiro lugar citamos a afiliação da Rodriguésia à Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos - ABEC. Esta afiliação proporcionou a instrumentalização do Corpo Editorial da Revista e também de sua equipe de Corpo Técnico. Através da participação em cursos e seminários específicos, é possível o contato com editores das mais diversas revistas nacionais voltadas para disseminação da informação científica, independente da área de especialização. Isso significa aprender como outros editores encaram e solucionam problemas e desafios durante a jornada editorial.
Com estas inovações ficamos mais próximos aos padrões internacionais de editoração, garantindo maior visibilidade da Revista na comunidade científica.
Entretanto, há ainda um último presente. Em se tratando da Rodriguésia, nada mais adequado do que comemorar esta data com uma publicação de valor. Apresentamos um fascículo especial dedicado à divulgação de dados inéditos que auxiliaram na confecção da Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil, um importante marco para a conservação de nossa flora.
Publicar trabalhos descritivos em qualquer área da botânica, sem a mínima tentativa de contextualizaçào, é hoje muito difícil mesmo no cenário nacional. Isso porque, tal como autores e pesquisadores, as revistas científicas também sofrem pressão para elevar seus índices de citação e indexação. Como conseqüência, as revistas evitam trabalhos descritivos, por serem potencialmente pouco citados. É uma estranha medição de forças, onde a pesquisa descritiva e as revistas cientificas disputam, embora estejam aparentemente do mesmo lado! Assim, independente de quem tiver mais força, ninguém sai vencedor. Quem precisa vencer é o conhecimento e o maior alcance da ciência, para que ambos possam ajudar na conservação de nossas plantas.
Por isso a Rodriguésia tenta promover algo capaz de nos levar para além de uma descrição sucinta e justificável apenas per se. Isso foi parcialmente alcançado em diversos trabalhos deste fascículo, onde são fornecidas informações sobre estados de conservação, distribuição, fenologia, etc. Mas podemos ir além, estimulando que os autores discutam mais seus dados, experimentando-os com aspectos complementares como evolução, biogeografia, conservação e genética. Assim as informações descritivas têm mais força e embasamento; as revistas podem publicá-las sem receios e a Ciência Botânica se expande. Além de aprendermos novas ferramentas, também poderemos com isso unir autores de diferentes especialidades, em publicações inovadoras.
Este número foi editorado por mãos em diferentes instituições brasileiras, um exemplo de união. Agradecemos aos pesquisadores Dr. José Fernando Baumgratz (JBRJ/RJ) e Dr. Jefferson Prado (IBT/SP) por aceitar este desafio, bem como aos inúmeros revisores anônimos, que contribuíram assim, inestimavelmente, para a elaboração deste número especial.
Karen L.G. De Toni Editora-chefe - Rodriguésia
André Mantovani Editor-assistente - Rodriguésia
SciELO/JBRJ
3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
cm
Apresentação
Em maio de 2010 o Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) lança oficialmente, em versão eletrônica, a Lista das Espécies da Flora do Brasil, sob a coordenação do Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) e através do Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora (CNCFlora). Nessa oportunidade, a revista Rodriguésia dedica esse número à publicação de 20 artigos e uma nota científica que abordam descrições de espécies novas e atualizações nomenclaturais de vários nomes de organismos da flora brasileira, com vistas à publicação de um livro sobre a referida lista. O esforço conjunto da comunidade botânica nacional e internacional na elaboração dessa lista representa uma importante contribuição ao conhecimento da riqueza dos ecossistemas brasileiros e consolida uma expressiva base de dados sobre plantas, fungos e algas de abrangência nacional.
A Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil, disponível em <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010>, registra a ocorrência de mais de 41.000 espécies de plantas, fungos e algas, cujos nomes foram atestados por mais de 400 especialistas. Os temas tratados nos artigos desse volume e que abrangem todo o território nacional e todos os domínios fitogeográficos do país (Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pantanal e Pampas), contemplam a descrição de 39 espécies novas de plantas e fungos, 34 novas combinações, 20 novos sinônimos e 26 tipificações, além de restabelecimento de binômios, mudanças de status e reconhecimento de nomes supérfluos. Esses dados referem-se a 14 famílias de angiospermas, uma de samambaia e uma de fungo.
O Brasil abriga cerca de 10% de toda a diversidade biológica vegetal no mundo e o esforço para a compilação da referida lista revelou o quanto ainda se tem para conhecer sobre a flora do país, tanto de áreas localizadas próximas a centros urbanos, relativamente mais bem exploradas, quanto de outras mais interioranas e de difícil acesso.
A disputa entre o avanço do conhecimento e a destruição dos ecossistemas ainda tem se mostrado muito desigual. No Brasil, é notória a perda considerável de hábitats frente ao avanço desordenado de áreas urbanas e rurais, de atividades agropastoris, desmatamentos irregulares, exploração ilegal de madeira, entre outros. Nesse descompasso, há grande perda de biodiversidade, sem que espécies tenham sido documentadas ou mesmo descritas para a ciência. São necessários mais investimentos em pesquisas científicas para se promover novos avanços nos estudos taxonômicos e inventários florísticos. Essas ações não só fortalecerão as coleções de herbários, que documentam a riqueza de espécies e se constituem em ferramentas básicas para se elaborar listagens florísticas, como possibilitarão estabelecer parcerias e ações interdisciplinares eficazes e formar novos recursos humanos especializados e capacitados para vencer essa luta muito díspar.
Este ano de 2010 também é o ano comemorativo da biodiversidade. A conservação da diversidade biológica tem sido um tema prioritário em agendas científicas e políticas no mundo todo, principalmente entre os países signatários da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB). Este tema tem se tomado cada vez mais frequente nas discussões políticas do país, com foco especial em potencial de recursos genéticos, inventários florísticos, conservação de espécies ameaçadas, estudos de monitoramento e áreas prioritárias para conservação.
Os estudos em biodiversidade têm crescido consideravelmente, frente ao apelo constante da comunidade mundial pela conservação da diversidade biológica, principalmente em relação às espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Nesse contexto, os artigos apresentados nesse volume constituem importantes produtos científicos dos especialistas para a divulgação atualizada da lista das espécies da flora brasileira, uma prioridade governamental para o conhecimento e conservação da biodiversidade. Essas informações inéditas são frutos de vários anos de pesquisas e investigações, que encontraram novos dados não só na natureza, mas também armazenados em inúmeras coleções de herbários. Certamente, esses dados representam uma pequena parcela do conhecimento que se tem guardado nesses acervos, pois muitos outros ainda precisam de confirmação ou mesmo de novas buscas na natureza ou em acervos de herbários, nacionais e do exterior, para serem publicados.
Os resultados apresentados mostram que a descoberta e a divulgação do conhecimento precisam estar em um compasso harmonioso e eficiente para a atualização da ciência. A dedicação permanente no estudo de floras certamente possibilitará outras publicações acerca de novas informações sobre a diversidade biológica no
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
cm ..
Brasil. E essas publicações precisam ser efetivas e rápidas, pois podem contribuir na indicação de áreas prioritárias para conservação, bem como para o entendimento de alterações de hábitats e em padrões naturais da diversidade biológica quando associado a fatores abióticos e edáficos.
A dedicação dos especialistas na busca de novos conhecimentos ou mesmo na atualização de dados divulgados há mais de cem anos, é um trabalho diário e constante. O prosseguimento desse trabalho representa uma importante estratégia para que a Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil seja continuamente atualizada e aprimorada. Desse modo, estimular a realização de programas consistentes e contínuos para a formação de especialistas fortalecerá a ciência brasileira e mundial em benefício da sociedade e cujos herdeiros serão as próximas gerações.
José Fernando A. Baumgratz Editor convidado
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil
Jefferson Prado Editor convidado Instituto de Botânica São Paulo - SP - Brasil
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
cm
SUMÁRIO/CONTENTS
Artigos Originais / Original Papers
Novos táxons e combinações em Viguiera (Asteraceae-Heliantheae)
New taxa and combinations in Viguiera (Asteraceae-Heliantheae) 001
Mara Angelina Galvão Magenta, José Rubens Pirani & Cláudio Augusto Mondin
New species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado
New species of Sloanea ( Elaeocarpaceae ) from the Brazilian Cerrado 013
Daniela Sampaio & Vinícius Castro Souza
Oxypetalum ladniatum, uma espécie nova de Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) do sul da Bahia, Brasil
Oxypetalum laciniatum, a new species of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) from Southern Bahia, Brazil) o 17
Alessandro Rapini & Maria Ana Farinaccio
Miscellaneous new species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae
Miscelânea de novas espécies brasileiras de Bromeliaceae 021
Elton M.C. Leme, Cláudio Nicoletti de Fraga, Ludovic J.C. Kollmana Gregory K. Brown, Walter Till,
Otávio B.C. Ribeiro, Marlon C. Machado, Fernando J.S. Monteiro & André Paviotti Fontana
Uma espécie nova de Anthurium Schott (Araceae), endêmica na Serra da Bocaina,
município de Bananal, São Paulo, Brasil 069
A new species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae), endemic to Serra da Bocaina,
Bananal municipality, São Paulo, Brazil
Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino & Marcus A. Nadruz Coelho
A new species and notes on Baccharis sect Caulopterae (Asteraceae) from Brazil
Uma nova espécie e notas sobre Baccharis L sect Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) no Brasil 073
Angelo Alberto Schneider, Gustavo Fleiden & Ilsi Iob Boldrini
Uma nova espécie de Pera (Peraceae) endêmica de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
A new species of Pera (Peraceae) endemic to Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 077
Narcísio Costa Bigio & Ricardo de S. Secco
Cinco novas espécies de Xyris (Xyridaceae) da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Five new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil 033
Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley
Rauvolfia anômala, uma nova espécie de Apocynaceae da Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Rauvolfia anômala, a new species of Apocynaceae from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil 095
Alessandro Rapini, Ingrid Koch & André Olmos Simões
A new species of Lepidaploa (Vemonieae - Asteraceae) from Southeastem Brazil
Uma nova espécie de Lepidaploa (Cass.) Cass. (Vemonieae - Asteraceae) do Sudeste do Brasil 101
Aristônio M. Teles, Marcos Sobral & Jimi N. Nakajima
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14
cm ..
Diderma albo-columella (Myxomycetes), a new species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Diderma albo-columella (Myxomycetes) uma nova espécie da Floresta Atlântica brasileira Andréa Carla Caldas Bezerra & Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti
Notas taxonômicas em Aspleniaceae (Polypodiopsida) ocorrentes no Brasil Taxonomic notes in Aspleniaceae (Polypodiopsida) from Brazil Lana da Silva Sylvestre
Taxonomic notes on Pleiochiton (Melastomataceae; Miconieae)
Notas taxonômicas em Pleiochiton (Melastomataceae; Miconieae)
Marcelo Reginato, Renato Goldenberg & José Fernando A. Baumgratz
Nuevas combinaciones y nuevos sinónimos en especioes de Brasil de Diodia L s. lat. (Spermacoceae — Rubiaceae)
New combinations and synonyms in species of Diodia L s. lat. ( Spermacoceae-Rubiaceaêi from Brazil Elsa L. Cabral & Andréa A. Cabana Fader
Notas nomenclaturais em Salacioideae (Celastraceae)
Nomenclatura! notes on Salacioideae (Celastraceae)
Julio Antonio Lombardi
Nomendatural notes and new combinations on Anathallis and Specklinia (Orchidaceae)
Notas nomenclaturais e novas combinações em Anathallis e Specklinia (Orchidaceae)
Fábio de Barros & Felipe Fajardo V.A. Barberena
Nomendatural notes on Varronia (Boraginaceae s.Z) in Brazil Notas nomenclaturales sobre Varronia (Boraginaceae s.l.) en Brasil Maria Natividad Sánchez de Stapf
Novedades taxonômicas en Axonopus (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) para Brasil Taxonomic novelties in Axonopus ( Poaceae , Panicoideae, Paniceae) for Brazil Diego Giraldo-Canas
Nova combinação e chave revisada para Dendrophorbium (Asteraceae — Senecioneae) no Brasil A new combination and revised key to the Brazilian species of Dendrophorbium (Asteraceae —Senecioneae) Aristônio M. Teles
Nomendatural notes on Behuria (Melastomataceae — Merianieae)
Notas nomenclaturais em Behuria ( Melastomataceae —Merianieae]
José Fernando A. Baumgratz & Rafael dos Anjos M. Tavares
Nota Científica / Short Communication
Lectotypification and a new combination in Cynophalla (Capparaceae) Lectotipificaciones y una nueva combinación en Cynophalla Xavier Comejo & Hugh H. Iltis
SciELO/JBRJ,
13 14 15
105
109
115
119
123
127
133
137
143
147
153
17 18
Rodriguésia 61(1): 001-01 1. 2010 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br
Novos táxons e combinações em Viguiera (Asteraceae - Heliantheae) 1
New taxa and combinationsin Viguiera (Asteraceae - Heliantheae)
Mara Angelina Galvão Magenta 2, José Rubens Pirani3 & Cláudio Augusto Mondin 4
Resumo
O gênero Viguiera Kunthestá representado por 35 espécies no Brasil. O presente estudo apresenta quatro novas espécies e três novas combinações de Viguiera ocorrentes no país. São providos também comentários taxonômicos, infonnações fenológicas, distribuição geográfica, habitat de ocorrência e ilustrações das novas espécies. Palavras-chave: Brasil, cerrado, Compositae, Helianthinae, Rhysolepis.
Abstract
The genus Viguiera Kunth is represented in Brazil by 35 species. Four new species and three new combinations of Viguiera in Brazil are presented. Taxonomic comments and information on phenology, geographic distribution, habitat, and illustrations are also provided for the new species.
Keyvvords: Brazil, "cerrado”, Compositae, Helianthinae, Rhysolepis.
Introdução
Viguiera Kunth, um gênero de ocorrência exclusiva na região Neotropical, apresenta, em seu sentido amplo, a maior riqueza em espécies entre os representantes da subtribo Helianthinae (tribo Heliantheae, Asteraceae). A mais abrangente revisão do gênero foi feita por Blake (1918). Atualmente, há várias propostas de segregação de Viguiera em gêneros menores, com base em estudos moleculares (Schilling & Panero 2002).
Robinson & Moore (2004) propuseram a transferência das espécies de Viguiera da América do Sul para Rhysolepis S.F. Blake, com base em dados morfológicos. Este último exibe páleas do receptáculo (ao menos as periféricas das flores do disco) com base acentuadamente gibosa, transversalmente corrugadas e com ápice pungente, cipselas das flores da periferia do disco conspicuamente assimétricas, com carpopódio unilateral e pápus facilmente destacável, características compartilhadas com Aldama La Llave & Lex., também da América Central. Contudo, o estudo taxonômico das espécies de Viguiera ocorrentes no Brasil realizado por Magenta (2006) não sustenta a circunscrição proposta por
Robinson & Moore (2004). Com base neste estudo as plantas da América do Sul, tradicionalmente incluídas em Viguiera, apresentam receptáculo com páleas naviculares, que envolvem apenas parcialmente a flor, com ápice agudo ou, às vezes, obtuso ou truncado, carpopódio bilateral assimétrico geralmente delgado e pápus persistente na grande maioria das espécies, incluindo todas as do Brasil. Isso constitui marcante contraste morfológico com a circunscrição de Rhysolepis. A análise filogenética baseada em caracteres morfológicos (Magenta 2006) não corrobora a nova circunscrição genérica proposta, já que Rhysolepis emergiu em um ciado incluindo representantes do subgênero mexicano Amphilepis S.F. Blake e das espécies andinas da América do Sul ou, juntamente com Aldama, como grupo-irmão das Viguiera da América do Sul, além de espécies do gênero Helianthus L. Por outro lado, a espécie típica do gênero, V. dentata (Cav.) Spreng., foi posicionada nessa análise filogenética em um ciado basal, formado por plantas mexicanas como Bahiopsis Kellogg, Hymenostephium Benth, V. cordifolia A.Gray e Simsia dombeyana DC. Assim, os resultados desse estudo cladístico, embora preliminares, apontaram um
1 Parte da tese de Doutorado da primeira autora. Universidade de Sào Paulo.
2 Universidade Santa Cecília, Depto. Botânica, R. Oswaldo Cruz 277, Boqueirão, 1 1 045-90, Santos, SP, Brasil.
3 Universidade de São Paulo, Depto. Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, 321 , 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Depto. Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 12, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Autor para correspondência: maramagenta@unisanta.br
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18
cm ..
2
provável polifiletismo de Viguiera, como atualmente circunscrito.
Além disso, estudos filogenéticos baseados em sequências de cpDNA (Schilling & Panero 1996) corroboram os resultados da análise citada, mostrando que os gêneros Aldania e Rhysolepis são estreitamente relacionados. A estreita relação com Helianthus , evidenciada nas análises, sugere que outras investigações mais aprofundadas são necessárias para elucidar o posicionamento filogenético das espécies sul-americanas desse grupo. No quadro atual, fica patente a improcedência de se acatar a proposta de incluir as espécies de Viguiera em Rhysoplepis. E, por isso, os táxons são tratados aqui de modo conservador.
Material e Métodos
O tratamento taxonômico de Viguiera no Brasil (Magenta 2006) foi baseado principalmente no estudo de exemplares dos seguintes herbários: A, BHCB, BM, BOTU, BR, C, CEN, CESJ, CETEC, CGMS,COR,CPAP, CTES. E, ES A, FUEL, GH, HAS, HASU, HEPH, HRB, HRCB, HUCS, HUEFS, HUEPG, HUFU, IBGE, ICN, IPA, K, LP, LPB, M, MA, MBM, MPUC, NY, P, PACA, PEL, R, RB,S, SGO, SMDB,SP, SPF,SPFR,SPSF,UB, UEC, UFG, UFLA, UFMT, UPF, US, VEN(Thiers 2009); e na observação de populações no campo. As siglas de todos os herbários que tiveram os materiais tipo examinados é seguida de um ponto de exclamação; aqueles materiais dos quais se avaliou imagens digitais têm a sigla de herbário seguida por *. Foi adotado o conceito taxonômico de espécie, no qual espécie é uma categoria que permite o agrupamento de indivíduos, sendo tratados como espécies os táxons que apresentam descontinuidade morfológica entre si (Stace 1980; Snaydon 1984). As novas combinações são baseadas na circunscrição de Viguiera segundo Blake (1918). A terminologia foi baseada em Radford etal. (1974), Weberling (1989), Barroso et al.( 1991), Bremer ( 1 994); Haris & Haris (2001 )e Roque etal. (2009).
Resultados e Discurssão Espécies novas
Viguiera knobiana Mondin & Magenta, sp. nov. Tipo: BRASIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Toropi, estrada para Jari, 9. IV. 2002, fl. e fr., A. Knob & S. Bordignon 7163 (holótipo ICN!). Fig. 1
Viguiera anchusifolia (DC.) Baker similis sed ab ea involucro biseriatis, foliis ovatis vel oblongo- ellipticis, induinento hispido in caulis, ramis, foliis, pedunculis et bradeis involucralibus dijfert.
Magenta, M.A.G., Pirani, J.R., & Mondin, C.A.
Subarbusto ereto, ca. 0,8 m alt., ramificado superiormente. Caule folhoso até o ápice, cilíndrico, estriado, hispido, indumento mais denso em direção ao ápice. Folhas simples, opostas ou subopostas, sésseis ou subsésseis; pecíolo ausente ou até ca. 0,1 cm compr.; lâminas 6-9 x 2,6-4,5 cm, levemente discolores, membranáceas ou papiráceas, ovais ou oblongo-elípticas, base arredondada, ápice agudo, margem inteira na metade inferior, paucisserrulada a paucisserreada na metade superior, híspidas, face abaxial pontuado-glandulosa; trinérveas acima da base, depois peninérveas. Capítulos radiados, solitários ou aos pares no ápice dos ramos, terminais e axilares; pedúnculos 2,5-7 ,5 cm compr., híspidos, ebracteados ou com uma bráctea linear-lanceolada, 0,5-1 cm compr. Invólucro hemisférico, 7-8 mm compr., ca. 10 mm diâm.; brácteas involucrais 2- seriadas, oblongo-lanceoladas, ápice caloso- mucronado, rígidas na base, membranáceas no ápice, quinquenérveas a multinérveas, as da série externa 6-7 x ca. 1,5 mm, densamente híspidas a vilosas e pontuado-glandulosas, as da série interna 7,5-9 x ca. 2 mm, dorso levemente estrigoso e pontuado- glanduloso, margem longamente ciliado-vilosa; receptáculo convexo, páleas 6,5-7, 5 x ca. 2 mm, conduplicadas, carenadas, oblongo-lanceoladas, ápice acuminado ou mucronulado, margem denticulada no ápice, levemente estrigosas e pontuado-glandulosas na parte superior. Flores do raio em 1 série, neutras, ca. 8 por capítulo, corola 1 3- 1 8 x 4—5 mm, amarela, liguliforme, tubo ca. 0,7 mm compr., limbo estreitamente elíptico ou estreitamente oblongo, ápice inteiro a tridentado, pontuado- glanduloso no tubo e na face abaxial do limbo; flores do disco ca. 40 por capítulo, corola 4-4,5 mm compr., amarela, tubulosa, tubo ca. 1 mm compr., pentadentadas, lacínias 1-1,3 mm compr., tubo e ápice das lacínias levemente estrigosos; anteras com tecas enegrecidas, apêndice triangular, pontuado- glanduloso, base aguda; estilete bífido, ápice dos ramos pubérulo. Cipselas 3,5-4 mm compr., obovóides, levemente comprimidas, seríceas, castanhas. Pápus formado por duas aristas paleáceas de 2,5-3 mm compr., escamas intermediárias 1-1,5 mm compr., livres entre si, ápice lacerado.
A espécie é conhecida somente pelo exemplar-tipo, não existindo outras coleções disponíveis nos herbários consultados.
Espécie endêmica da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, inserida no bioma Pampa, crescendo entre a vegetação arbustiva e em solos secos e pedr egosos. Foi coletada com flores e frutos em abril.
Rodríguésia 61 ( 1 ): OOl-Ol 1 . 2010
SciELO/JBRJ,
13 14 15 16 17 18
cm l
SciELO/ JBRJ,
Novidades em Viguiera Kunth
Figura 1 - Viguiera knobiana Mondin & Magenta - a. ramo florido; b. folha basal; c. capítulo; d-e. brácteas involucrais;
f. corola do raio; g. flor do disco; h. pálea; i. cipsela; j. anteras; k. ápice do estilete ( Knob & Bordignon 7163).
Figure 1 - Viguiera knobiana Mondin & Magenta - a. flowering branch; b. basal leaf; c. capitulum; d-c. phyllaries; f. ray corolla;
g. disc floret; h. palea; i. cypsela; j. anthers; k. style arms (Knob & Bordignon 7163).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 001-011. 2010
cm ..
4
O epíteto é uma homenagem ao botânico Alberto Knob, do Instituto Geobiológico La Salle, um dos coletores do tipo.
Ao que tudo indica, é extremamente rara na natureza, necessitando ter seu hábitat protegido para evitar que seja extinta. Trata-se de uma área pouco visitada por botânicos, havendo por isso poucos registros de plantas em herbários, além de ser explorada pela agropecuária, o que contribui para a destruição do hábitat natural.
Viguiera knobiana caracteriza-se, sobretudo, pelas folhas ovais e indumento híspido do caule, folhas, pedúnculo e brácteas involucrais. Diferencia-se de V. anchusifolia por esta apresentar número maior de séries de brácteas involucrais, folhas com lâmina lanceolada a estreitamente- oblonga e indumento estrigoso. Distingue-se de V. squalida S. Moore por esta apresentar capítulos com invólucro campanulado, brácteas involucrais tuberculadas na margem e na metade inferior e cipsela glabrescente, com aristas de porção basal gibosa. Apresenta semelhança também com V. bakeriana S.F. Blake, porém esta espécie apresenta invólucros maiores, com 12-20 mm de diâmetro, 10-12 (raramente 15-1 6) flores no raio e pela cipsela com indumento levemente estrigoso no ápice.
Viguiera meridionalis Magenta, sp. nov. Tipo: BRASIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Soledade, 2. IV. 1979, n. e fr„ K. Hagelunds.n. (holótipo ICN 12804!; fotografia do holótipo SPF!). Fig. 2
A Viguiera procumbens S.F. Blake affinis, sed bracteis interioribus saepe longi-acuminatis et pappi aristis rigidulis carinatis cum squamulis lateralis unitis dijfert.
Ervas perenes a subarbustos, ca. 1 m alt.; ramos aéreos eretos, cilíndricos a levemente tetragonais, estriados, esparsamente estrigosos, entrenós 0,5—4 cm compr.; sistema subterrâneo desconhecido. Folhas alternas, sésseis ou pecíolo 1-5 mm compr., viloso; lâmina 3-6 x 2-3 cm, oval, base arredondada a obtusa, às vezes levemente cuneada, ápice agudo a acuminado, mucronulado, porção distai, com margem irregularmente serreada, escabrosa, nervação acródroma suprabasal perfeita, 3 nervuras principais, face adaxial estrigosa (tricomas tectores 3-celulares com bossas inconspícuas, base cônica cercada por 2 séries de células), face abaxial híspida, nervuras estrigosas (tricomas tectores 3- ou 4-celuIares, com bossas inconspícuas, base estreitamente cônica, cercada por uma série de células), com tricomas glandulares. Inflorescênciabotrióide ou tirsóide, 40-
Magenta, M.A.G., Pirani, J.R., & Mondin, C.A.
45 cm compr.; paracládios ascendentes, superiores terminando acima do capítulo terminal, estriados, vilosos, os de Ia ordem 6-40 cm compr., os de 2a ordem ca 1 ,5 cm compr.; pedúnculo terminal ca. 3,5 cm compr.; brácteas foliáceas, alternas ou opostas, com tricomas glandulares curtamente pedicelados na face abaxial. Capítulos ca. 3 cm diâm., radiados, subtendidos por uma bractéola linear, 3-5 mm compr.; invólucro ca. 10 mm diâm., campanulado; brácteas involucrais reflexas na floração, 3 ou 4 séries, as da Ia série 5-7 mm compr., lanceoladas a oval-lanceoladas, foliáceas em 3/4- superiores, coriáceas, face abaxial com base estriada, estrigosa, ápice agudo, mucronado, estrigiloso, cilioladas a ciliadas, nas demais séries lanceoladas ou oblongas com base estriada, ápice foliáceo, agudo a longamente acuminado, mucronado, estrigiloso, ciliadas; brácteas da 2a série 7-8 mm compr., da 3a e 4a séries 8-9 mm compr.; receptáculo convexo, páleas 7-9 mm compr., oblongas, 6 ou 8 nervuras, carenadas, ápice agudo, escariosas, estrigilosas na porção superior externa. Flores do raio ca. 12, em 1 verticilo, corola ca. 10 x 4-5 mm, limbo oblongo, ápice curtamente 2-partido, glabro, nervuras ca. 10, esparsamente setosas, tubo ca. 1 mm compr., viloso; flores do disco, com corola 4,5-5 mm, compr. tubo ca. 8 mm compr., face externa com tubo, base, nervuras e lobos estrigilosos; anteras de base curtamente sagitada, terminando um pouco acima ou na base do colar flletal; estilete com espessamento suprabasal largamente fúsiforme, estilopódio 0,08-0, 1 x 0, 1 6-0,20 mm. Cipselas 3,5-4 mm compr., obovóides, levemente trigonais, estriadas, seríceas a setosas, carpopódio espesso; pápus amarelado 2-aristado, aristas desiguais, firmes, unidas às escamas laterais, a menor 1-1,5 mm compr., a maior 1,5-3 mm compr., estreitamente triangulares, com carena estrigilosa, escamas 4-6 pares, 0,5-1 mm compr., unidas na base ou até próximo ao ápice lacerado.
Conhecida apenas pelo material-tipo, coletado com flores senis e frutos. Parece ser extremamente rara, ou é possível que esteja extinta, pois não foi encontrada durante as quatro expedições efetuadas naquela região do Rio Grande do Sul.
Espécie morfologicamente semelhante a Viguiera procumbens, da qual se diferencia pelas brácteas involucrais internas agudas a longamente acuminadas e pelas aristas do pápus, que são robustas, carenadas e unidas às escamas laterais, enquanto em V. procumbens todas as brácteas possuem ápice agudo e as aristas do pápus são delicadas e livres.
Rodriguésia 61(1): 001-01 1. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
L2 13 14 15 16 17
cm
Novidades em Viguiera Kunth
5
Figura 2 - Viguiera meridionalis - a. segmento de ramo aéreo; b. ramo florífero; c-e. brácteas involucrais; f. pálea; g. corola do raio; h. corola do disco; i. antera; j. estilete; k. cipsela (Hagelund s.n., ICN 124881).
Figure 2 - Viguiera meridionalis - a. portion of aerial branch; b. flowering branch; c-e. phyllaries; f. palea; g. ray corolla; h. disk corolla; i. anther; j. style; k. cypsela {Hagelund s.n., ICN 124881).
Rodríguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 00 1 -0 1 1 . 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14
cm ..
6
Viguiera rubra Magenta & Pirani, sp. nov. Tipo: BRASIL. SÃO PAULO: Pirassununga, estrada para a Cachoeira das Emas, km 5,5, 21°57’04,3”S, 47°22’47,4”W, 17.ffl.2002, fl. e fr„ M. Magenta & J. Magenta 388 (holótipo SPF! ; fotografias do holótipo K!, SPF!; isótipos GH*, K!, NY*). Fig. 3
A Viguiera robusta Gaidner affinis, sed capitulo discoideo, corolla vinacea, squamidis lateralibus papponim ad apicem erosis cim aristis imitis differt.
Ervas a subarbustos 0,6-2 m alt.; ramos aéreos eretos, cilíndricos canaliculados, vilosos, entrenós 1, 5-3,5 cm compr.; caule subterrâneo levemente espessado; raízes adventícias sem espessamentos. Folhas discolores a levemente discolores, alternas ou inferiores raramente opostas, sésseis ou pecíolo 1-2 mm compr.; lâmina 2-8 x 1,5— 4,5 cm, elíptica a largamente elíptica, oval ou raramente oval-lanceolada, base arredondada, levemente cordada ou atenuada, geralmente cuneada, ápice agudo a arredondado, porção distai com margem esparsamente denteada, esparsamente estrigilosa, nervação acródroma basal ou suprabasal perfeita, face adaxial reluzente, com tricomas muito esparsos (3-celulares, sem bossas, base cônica a cilíndrica, cercada por uma série de células), face abaxial hirsuta a vilosa, com tricomas glandulares e tectores (estes 4- ou 5-celulares, sem bossas, base cilíndrica a estreitamente cônica, cercada por uma série de células). Inflorescência botrióide ou tirsóide, 15-50 cm compr.; paracládios eretos, os superiores terminando acima do capítulo terminal, canaliculados, hirsutos a vilosos, os de Ia ordem 7,5- 50 cm compr., 2a ordem 4-1 2 cm compr.; pedúnculo terminal 0,3-7 cm compr.; bractéas esparsas, 7-10 mm compr., alternas, foliáceas. Capítulos discóides, 2-2,5 cm diâm.; invólucro 8-10 mm diâm., estreitamente campanulado a campanulado; brácteas involucrais reflexas na floração, em 4 ou 5 séries, oblongas a levemente ovais ou às vezes levemente obovais, base canaliculada, 3 nervuras evidentes, foliáceas em 1/2- superior, coriáceas ou da série interna às vezes escariosas, face adaxial glabra, face abaxial com nervuras esparsamente híspidas, porção apical às vezes hispídula ou estrigilosa, margem longamente ciliada, ao menos na porção superior, brácteas da Ia série 4-6 mm, ápice obtuso mucronado, demais com ápice obtuso a agudo, brácteas da 2a série 6-8 mm compr., da 3a série 9-10 mm compr., da 4a e 5a séries 9- 1 2 mm compr.; receptáculo convexo, páleas 7-8 mm compr., oblongas a oblanceoladas, ápice arredondado a truncado, mucronado, carena estrigosa, 12 ou 14 nervuras esparsamente estrigilosas. Flores 40-75, porção distai vinácea, corola 5-5,5 mm compr., tubo
Magenta, M.A.G., Pirani, J.R., & Mondin, C.A.
1,2 mm compr., esparsa a moderadamente setoso, lobos estrigilosos; antera de base curtamente sagitada, terminando abaixo da base do colar filetal; estilete com alargamento basal estreitamente cônico, espessado na base, estilopódio 0, 1 0-0, 1 2 x 0,30-0,54 mm. Cipselas 3-5 mm compr., obovóides a estreitamente obovóides, levemente trigonais, estreitamente estriadas, esparsa a moderadamente seríceas (tricomas dourados); carpopódio delgado médio; pápus amarelado com manchas vináceas, aristas marginais 2, desiguais, unidas às escamas laterais, a menor 2-3 mm compr., a maior 3,5—4 mm compr., triangulares a lanceoladas, base alargada, nervura e margem estrigilosas, escamas em 3 ou 4 pares, 15-18 mm compr., unidas até o ápice eroso. Material examinado: BRASIL. MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Três Lagoas, Horto Santa Luzia, 20°05’S, 5 1 °53'W, 12.V. 1993, fl. e fr„ A. D. Caliente 298 (HISA, UEC). SÃO PAULO: Matão, Rodovia Faria Lima km 1, 13.IV.1981, fl. e fr„ ÍI.F. Leitão Filho et al. 12470 (UEC). Mogi Guaçu, Reserva Biológica da Fazenda Campininha, 8.IV. 1 980, fl., W. Mantovani 519 (SP); beira de estrada, 8.VI.1980, fl., B. C. Lopes 11439 (UEC). Pirassununga, Cerrado de Emas, 22°02’S, 47°30'W, 4.V.1994, fl. e fr„ M. Batalha & IV. Mantovani 89 (SP).
Coletada nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo, em pontos isolados, em cerrado ralo, com flores e frutos de março a junho. De acordo com os critérios da IUCN, é uma espécie vulnerável, por distribuição restrita e tamanho populacional reduzido.
Esta espécie de folhas com lâmina de face abaxial reluzente tem morfologia semelhante à de Viguiera robusta , mas apresenta capítulos discóides e mais estreitos, com flores de corola vinácea quando jovens. Além disso, as aristas são unidas às escamas laterais, que apresentam ápice eroso; em V. robusta as aristas são livres e as escamas têm ápice lacerado. Na análise filogenética efetuada por Magenta (2006), V. rubra emergiu como espécie-irmã de V. vemonioides Baker, espécie do Mato Grosso, que tem capítulos radiados com 3 séries de brácteas involucrais, pela semelhança na forma do ápice e indumento da face abaxial das brácteas involucrais.
Viguiera veredensis Magenta & Pirani, sp. nov. Tipo: BRASIL. MINAS GERAIS. Chapada Gaúcha, Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, estrada que liga Chapada Gaúcha a Formoso, 15°22’49,9’'S, 45°56’18,1”W, 21.IV.2003, fl., M. Magenta & J. Magenta 664 (holótipo SPF!; isótipo K!). Fig. 4
A Viguiera robusta Gardner aj§7m'j, sedfoliis chartaceis dorso hispidis, pedunculis tenninalibus longis, bracteis indumento albido, floribus parvis differt.
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 00 1 -0 1 1 . 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Figura 3 - Vigiiiera rubra - a. segmento de ramo aéreo e ramo florífero; b-f. brácteas involucrais; g. pálea; h. corola; i. antera; j. estilete; k. cipsela ( Magenta & Magenta 388).
Figure 3 - Viguiera rubra - a. portion of aerial branch and flowering branch; b-f. phyllaries; g. palea; h. corolla; i. anther; j. style; k. cypsela ( Magenta & Magenta 388).
Rodríguésia 61(1): 001-01 1 . 2010
cm
8
Erva a subarbusto 1-1,5 m alt.; ramos aéreos levemente vináceos, eretos, cilíndricos, canaliculados, densamente híspidos, entrenós 1 ,5- 3,5 cm compr.; caule subterrâneo pouco espessado; raízes adventícias sem tuberosidade ou com leve espessamento uniforme. Folhas levemente discolores, basais e superiores alternas, medianas opostas, sésseis ou pecíolo 1-2 mm compr.; lâmina 2,5-10 x 1-3 cm, oblonga a oval, base levemente arredondada, ápice agudo, mucronulado, margem esparsamente denteada ou serreada na porção distai, cartácea, nervação acródroma basal a suprabasal perfeita, 3 nervuras principais, face adaxial híspida, tricomas tectores 3-celulares (sem bossas ou com bossas inconspícuas, base cilíndrica a levemente cônica, às vezes levemente adpressa, cercada por 2-3 séries de células), face abaxial vilosa e com tricomas glandulares diminutos na nervação terciária, tricomas tectores 3-celulares (com bossas inconspícuas, base cônica, cercada por 2-3 séries de células). Inflorescência botrióide ou tirsóide, 25- 55 cm compr.; paracládios eretos, os superiores terminando acima do capítulo terminal, 13-22 cm compr., poligonais, canaliculados, esparsamente hirsutos; pedúnculo terminal 9-25 cm compr.; bráctcas opostas foliáceas, esparsas. Capítulos 1,5- 2 cm diâm., radiados; invólucro 10-12 mm diâm., largamente campanulado a semigloboso, brácteas involucrais adpressas na floração, em 3 séries, base canaliculada com 3 nervuras destacadas, imersas, ápice obtuso, conspicuamente mucronado, inteiramente foliáceas, cartáceas, duas séries externas com porção inferior ciliolada e porção superior ciliada, face adaxial com ápice esparsamente estrigiloso, face abaxial albo-estrigosa, especialmente na porção superior, na Ia série 3-5 mm compr., oblongas a ovais, na 2a série 4-6 mm compr., ovais a largamente ovais, na 3a série 4-8 mm compr., obovais a ovais, cilioladas, porção superior estrigosa; receptáculo convexo; páleas 6-7 mm compr., oblongas, hialinas, ápice truncado, eroso, 6 ou 8 nervuras, escariosas, carena estreita e porção superior estrigilosas. Flores do raio 11-12, em 1 verticilo; tubo ca. 1 mm compr., corola 6-7 x 2,8-3 mm, limbo oblongo, ápice arredondado, emarginado, face adaxial glabra, face abaxial com tricomas glandulares, ca. 10 nervuras, hispídulas; flores do disco 70-75, corola 4,5-5 mm compr., tubo ca. 1 mm compr., face externa com lobos esparsamente hispídulos; antera de base curtamente sagitada, terminando acima da base do colar filetal; estilete sem alargamento, estilopódio ca. 0, 1 x 0,36
Magenta, M.A.G., Pirani, J.R., & Mondin, C.A.
mm. Cipselas jovens 3,5-5 mm compr., obovóides, estriadas, dourado-seríceas, carpopódio médio, pápus estramíneo 2-aristado, aristas marginais levemente desiguais, 1 ,3-1 ,4 mm, livres, margem e nervura estrigosas, escamas 6 ou 7 pares, 0,5-1 mm compr., unidas até próximo ao ápice lacerado. Material examinado: BRASIL. BAHIA: Cocos, 14°46’37”S, 45°56’45”W, 15.V.2001, fl.e fr., R.C. Mendonça et al. 4277 (HEPH, IBGE, US); 14°59’ 1 7”S, 45°53’39”W, 17.V.2001, fl. e fr., R.C. Mendonça et al. 4338 (HEPH, IBGE, RB, US). MINAS GERAIS: Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, 15°19'56”S, 45°59’00”W, 29.IV. 1999, fl., R. Rodrigues-da-Silva etal. 243 (HEPH, IBGE, US); 15°22’49,9”S, 45°56’ 18,1"W, 2 1 .IV.2003, fl.. Aí. Magenta & J. Magenta 665 (SPF).
Aparentemente rara, é encontrada no norte de Minas Gerais e no sul da Bahia, em cerrado típico com solo arenoso, em altitudes variando de 730 a 880 m, com flores e frutos em abril e maio.
Espécie morfologicamente próxima de Vi guie ra robusta , da qual se diferencia pelas folhas cartáceas com face adaxial híspida, pelo pedúnculo terminal da inflorescência alongado (9-25 cm compr.), pelas brácteas involucrais com indumento esbranquiçado e ainda pelas flores menores, com corola do raio de 6-7 mm de comprimento. Viguiera robusta possui folhas coriáceas com face adaxial estrigosa ou raramente setosa, pedúnculo terminal com 1-5 cm de comprimento, brácteas involucrais com indumento cinéreo e flores do raio com 8,5-12 mm de comprimento.
Combinações novas
Viguiera goyasensis (H.Rob. & A.J.Moore) Magenta & Pirani, comb. nov. Rhysolepis goyasensis H.Rob. & A.J.Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 1 17(3): 436. 2004. Tipo: BRASIL. GOIÁS: Serra Geral do Paraná, ca. 3 km S of São João da Aliança, near Riacho, gallery forest and adjacent cerrado, 15.UI.1971, fl. e fr., H.S. Irwin etal. 31821 (holótipo US*; isótipos MBM!, NY*, UB, US*). Material examinado: BRASIL. GOIÁS: São João d'Aliança, estrada para Vãozinho, 9. II. 1994, fl, G. Hatschbach & Silva 60230 (BR, CTES, K, MBM). Corrente, 20.11.2000, fl, G. Hatschbach et al. 70471, (MBM).
Coletada apenas no município de São João da Aliança, no sudoeste do estado de Goiás a cerca de 850 m, em simpatria com Viguiera gardneri Baker, da qual se diferencia principalmente pelas folhas oblongo- elípticas a oval lanceoladas com margem inteira, invólucro densamente viloso e aristas do pápus unidas às escamas laterais; V. gardneri tem folhas oblongas a largamente oblongas, geralmente com dentes esparsos, invólucro estrigoso ou viloso apenas na porção
Rodriguésiá 61(1): OOl-Oll. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Figura 4 - Viguiera veredensis — a. segmento de ramo aéreo; b. ramo florífero; c-e. brácteas involucrais; f. pálea; g. corola do raio; h. corola do disco; i. antera; j. estilete; k. cipsela ( Magenta & Magenta 664).
Figure 4 — Viguiera veredensis — a. portion of aerial branch; b. flowering branch; c-e. phyllaries; f. palea; g. ray corolla; h. disk corolla; i. anther; j. style; k. cypsela (Magenta & Magenta 664).
Rodríguésia 61 (1 ): 001-01 1. 2010
cm ..
10
superior e pápus com aristas livres. Floresce em fevereiro e frutifica em março. A restrição de sua ocorrência e o tamanho populacional reduzido, indicam que a espécie é vulnerável à extinção, segundo os critérios da 1UCN.
Viguiera laxicymosa (H.Rob. & A.J.Moore) Magenta & Pirani, cotnb. nov. Rhysolepis laxicymosa H.Rob. & A.J.Moore, Proc. Biol. Washington 117(7): 440. 2004. Tipo: BRASIL. MINAS GERAIS: Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, estrada para Francisco Dumont, campo rupestre, 16.III.2001, G. Hatschbach etal. 72088 (holótipo MBM!; fotografia do holótipo SPF!; isótipo US*). Material examinado: BRASIL. MINAS GERAIS: Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, próximo do Rio Embaiassaia, 6. V.20O4, fl., G. Hatschbach etal. 77443 (MBM); 7. V.2004, fl. e íf., G. Hatschbach etal. 77447, 77478 (MBM).
Endêmica da Serra do Cabral, em Minas Gerais, onde é encontrada em campo cerrado e campo rupestre, a cerca de 950 m; coletada com flores e frutos imaturos em maio. A espécie se enquadra na categoria vulnerável, segundo os critérios da IUCN.
Robinson & Moore (2004) descreveram as folhas como alternas, mas em todo o material examinado, incluindo o holótipo, as folhas basais são opostas. Diferencia-se de Viguiera robusta e V. gardneri pelo tamanho reduzido dos capítulos e flores e pelos paracládios delicados e, de V. rubra, pela presença de flores liguliformes.
Viguiera santacatarineiisis (H.Rob. & A. J. Moore) Magenta & Mondin, comb. nov. Rhysolepis santacatarinensis H. Rob. & A.J. Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 117(3): 441. 2004. Tipo: BRASIL. SANTA CATARINA: Serra do Faxinai (Mun. Praia Grande), paredões rochosos, 1.200 m, 15.IV.1993, fl. e fr., G. Hatschbach et al. 59135 (holótipo MBM!; isótipo US).
Material selecionado: BRASIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Bom Jesus, Serra da Rocinha para Bom Jesus, 18.11.1955, fl., B. Rambo 56807 ( PACA). Morrinhos do Sul, na subida da trilha Tajuva-Josafá, XII. 1995, fl., M. Sobral & J.A. Jarenkow 8014 (ICN). São José dos Ausentes, estrada São José-Timbé do Sul a 7 km da bifurcação Cambará-São José dos Ausentes, 1 1 .XII.2003, fl. e fr., M. Magenta & J. Magenta 706, 707 (SPF). SANTA CATARINA: Bom Jardim da Serra, beira de estrada na Serra do Rio do Rastro, 1.2000, fl., M. Sobral et al. 9008 (ICN). Lauro Muller, Serra do Rio do Rastro, 3.IV.I957, fl., L.B. Smith & R. Klein 12339 (LP, US). Timbé do Sul, Serra da Rocinha, 28°48'40,4”S, 49°55’38.8”W, 27.III.2002, fl. e fr., M. Magenta & J. Magenta 410 (SPF).
Magenta, M.A.G., Pirani, J.R., & Mondin, C.A.
Espécie vegetativamente semelhante a espécies do gênero Verbesina L.. As brácteas involucrais cirrosas são características do gênero Helianthus, do qual Viguiera é muito próximo. No entanto, o hábito subarbustivo e o pápus persistente não deixam dúvidas quanto ao seu posicionamento em Viguiera. Nas análises filogenéticas com base em morfologia (Magenta 2006), emergiu como espécie-irmã de um ciado contendo uma espécie nova e Viguiera vemonioides (análises com 68 e 106 terminais). Compartilha com esta última a presença de inflorescências botrióides, com paracládios terminando acima do capítulo terminal, capítulos com brácteas involucrais levemente apressas na floração, páleas do receptáculo com ápice expandido mucronado, cerca de oito flores do raio e cipselas seríceas, com pápus de ápice lacerado.
Encontrada apenas nos estados de Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, nas escarpas da Serra Geral, em altitudes compreendidas entre 400 e 1 .200 m.
Agradecimentos
Agradecemos ao Departamento de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo, onde foi desenvolvida a maior parte da tese de doutorado da primeira autora, que originou parte dos resultados deste trabalho. Ao IBAMA, a concessão das licenças de coleta em parques nacionais. Ao Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, a autorização de coleta na Reserva Biológica e Estação Experimental de Mogi Guaçu. Aos curadores de todos os herbários visitados, especialmente BR, K, M e P, o acesso às coleções e obras históricas e utilização das instalações e infra- estrutura. Ao Dr. David John Nicholas Hind, a criteriosa coorientação da tese de doutorado da primeira autora. A Dra. Ils Iob Boldrini, as sugestões e revisão do texto da descrição de Viguiera knobiana. Ao Dr. Rafael Trevisan, a elaboração da diagnose em latim de V. knobiana. Aos ilustradores Kley Souza e Caroline Leuchtenberger. O segundo autor agradece ao CNPq pelo subsídio com Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa.
Referências
Barroso, G.M.; Peixoto, A.L.; Ichaso, C.L.F.; Costa, C.G.; Guimarães, E.F. & Lima, H.C. 1991. Sistemática de angiospermas do Brasil. UFV, Imprensa Universitária. Viçosa, v.3. 326p.
Blake, S.F. 1918. A revision of the genus Viguiera. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 54: 1-205.
Rodriguésia 61(11:001-011.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14
cm ..
Novidades em Viguiera Kunth
Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: cladistics and classification. Timber Press, Portland, 752p.
Harris, J.G. & Harris, M.W. 2001. Plant Identification terminology: an illustrated glossary. 2 ed. Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, 206p.
Magenta, M.A.G. 2006. Viguiera Kunth (Asteraceae - Heliantheae) na América do Sul e sistemática das espécies do Brasil. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. 339p.
Radford, A.E.; Dickison, W.C.; Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. 1974. Vascular plant systematics. Harper & Row Publ., New York.
Robinson, H. & Moore, A.J. 2004. New species and new combinations in Rhysolepis (Heliantheae - Asteraceae). Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington 117: 423-446.
Roque, N.; Keil, D.J. & Susanna, A. 2009. Illustrated glossary of Compositae. In: Funk, V.A.; Suzanna, A.; Stuessy, T.F. & Bayer, R. J. (eds.). Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, Vienna. Pp. 781-806.
Schilling, E.E. & Panero, J.L. 1996. Relationships in Heliantheae subtribe Helianthinae based on
11
chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis. In: Hind, D.J. & Beentje, H.J. (eds.). Compositae: systematics proceedings of the international Compositae conference. Vol. 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Pp. 361-376.
Schilling, E.E. & Panero, J.L. 2002. A revised classification of subtribe Helianthinae (Asteraceae-Heliantheae). I. Basal lineages. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 65-76.
Snaydon, R.W. 1984. Infraespecifc variation and its taxonomic implications. In: Heywood, V.H. & Moore, D.M. (eds.). Current concepts in plant taxonomy. Academic Press, London. Pp. 203-218.
Stace, C.A. 1980. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics. Edward Arnold, London. 279p.
Thiers, B. 2009. Index Herbariorum : A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Disponível em <http://sweetgum. nybg.org/ih/>. Acesso em janeiro de 2009.
Weberling, F. 1989. Morphology of flowers and inflorescences. Cambridge University Press, Cambrige.
Artigo recebido em 09/10/2009. Aceito para publicação em 12/04/2010.
Rodríguésia 61(1): 001-01 1. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
Rodríguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 0 1 3-0 1 5. 20 1 0 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br
New species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado
New species of Sloanea ( Elaeocarpaceae j from the Brazilian Cerrado
Daniela Sampaio1, 2 & Vinícius Castro Souza1 2 3
Abstract
Sloanea petalata D. Sampaio & V.C. Souza is an endemic species known only from Mogi-Guaçu municipality, in the Cerrado of São Paulo State, Brazil. This new species shares some features with Sloanea garckeana K. Schum., differing mainly in the presence of petals, anuncommon characteristic among Neotropical species of this genus. Description of Sloanea petalata , as well as illustration, diagnosis, and comments on distribution are provided in this paper.
Key tvords: Brazilian savanna, conservation status, taxonomy.
Resumo
Sloanea petalata D. Sampaio & V.C. Souza é uma espécie endêmica do Cerrado do município de Mogi Guaçu, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Essa nova espécie é semelhante a Sloanea garckeana K. Schum., da qual pode ser diferenciada principalmente pela presença das pétalas, característica incomum nas espécies neotropicais do gênero. A descrição de Sloanea petalata, bem como ilustrações, diagnose e comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica são apresentados neste trabalho.
Palavras-chave: Cerrado, status de conservação, taxonomia.
Introduction
The genus Sloanea is comprised by at least 150 species occurring in the Old and New World (Mabberley 2008). About 40 species are found in Brazil, which are distributed in various types of vegetation, and they are usually located near water-courses and in preserved environments (Smith 1954; Sampaio 2009). The Amazon Rainforest, the Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado Vegetation are the biomes with the highest diversity of Sloanea species in Brazil. In the Brazilian extra- Amazonian region, the Sloanea species are assigned to both Quadrisepala and Sloanea subgenera, according to the classification proposed by Smith (1954) based on the position of the calyx in the flower bud. Moreover, the species of the New World had been characterized as monochlamydeous, but two dichlamydeous species, Sloanea jamaicensis Hook. and Sloanea petalata - here presented - have been registered in the Neotropics region. Due to the presence
of petals and sepals covering the reproductive organs on the flower bud near anthesis, S. petalata was included in the subgenus Quadrisepala.
Sloanea petalata D. Sampaio & V.C. Souza, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. SÃO PAULO: Rodovia Campinas- Mogi Mirim, Auto Posto Varanda, 12.XII.1980, H. Leitão-Filho 12087 (holotype UEC!; isotype RB !).
Fig.l
Affinis Sloanea garckeana K. Schum., inflorescentia -3 et ovário longe velutino sed praesentia petalorum differt.
Trees 10-15 m tall. Leaves altemate; stipules early deciduous, 6-9 x ca. 1 mm, filiform, pubescent; petioles 0. 9-1.3 cm long, pubescent to tomentose on the upper portion; leaf blade obovate, 7-13 x 3.5-6 cm, base acute, apex acute, margins entire or serrate on the first upper third of blade, glabrous on both surfaces, except for on the veins;
1 Author for correspondence: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, R. Consolação 896, 0 1 302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. sampaio.dani@gmail.com
2Pós-graduanda do Curso de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UN1CAMP, CP 6 1 09, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
3Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Depto. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Pádua Dias 1 1, 13018-900, C.P. 1 9, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Figure 1 -Sloanea petalata - a. flowering stem; b. opened ílower and detail of the indument on the irmer surface of the sepal; c. inner surface of the petal; d. outside surface of the petal; e. detail of the apex; f. detail of the stamen; g. detail of the ovary; h. detail of the branched trichomes from the ovary; i. mature fruits (a-f Leitão-Filho 12087 ; g-h Gihbs & Leitão-Filho 3553 ; i. collection of Rossi 2119).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 01 3-0 1 5. 20 1 0
New species of Sloanea
15
venation brochidodromous on the first third of the lower blade, semicraspedodromous on the upper portion, midrib grooved on adaxial surface, prominent on abaxial surface; domatia absent. Inflorescence axillary; triad type; peduncle 1 .5—4.5 cm long, striate, non-lenticellate, cylindrical, pubescent to tomentose; bracts and bracteoles early deciduous, not seen; pedicels 0.9-2. 5 cm long, striate, pubescent to tomentose. Flowers with 4- sepals, uniseriate, entire, 1 1-15 x 3—4 mm, ovate, apex acuminate, margins revolute, pubescent on both surfaces, more densely on a line on the inner surface; petals 4, uniseriate, entire, 7-1 3 x ca. 1 mm, lanceolate, apex acuminate, margins revolute, pubescent on both surfaces, petals covering the reproductive organs on the floral buds near anthesis; filaments 2-3 mm long, hirsute; anthers ca. 2 mm long, elliptical, pubescent; connective prolonged into an aristate awn, 3-4 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 6 mm long, globose, velutinous, with branched trichomes, sessile; style ca. 5 mm long, straight or twisted, apex entire, velutinous on the basal portion, glabrous on the apical portion; floral receptacle densely pubescent. Fruits orbicular, 2-3 x 0.7-1 .3 cm, valves 4 or 5, pubescent, externally covered by pubescent bristles, the bristles 2-4 mm long. Seeds not seen.
Examined material: BRASIL. SÃO PAULO: Mogi Guaçu, Estação Experimental de Mogi Guaçu (Fazenda Campininha), 26.XI.1973, fl., PE. Gibbs & H. Leitão- Filho 3553. (MBM 49255, TE 1727, UEC 4105); Estrada Campinas-Mogi Mirim, Super Posto Varanda (km 1 56), 14.VII.2000, fr„ L. Rossi & O.T. Oyakawa 2119 (SP); Posto Varanda, 12.XII.1980, F. de Barros 592 (SP 167115); lateral do Auto Posto Varanda, 13.VIII.2007, fr., D. Sampaio 1801 (ESA).
Sloanea petalata is known only from the type locality, the city of Mogi Guaçu, State of São Paulo, an area with predominance of Cerrado Vegetation. This species is one of the few of its genus that occurs in drier habitats and apparently away from water-courses. Typically, S. petalata blooms from November to December.
The epithet is referred due to the presence of petals, an uncommon feature in the New World species.
Besides the endemic distribution restricted to the region of Mogi Guaçu city just few individuais of this species were found in disturbed areas. Due to that, S. petalata was classified as Critically Endangered (CR) by the criteriaof IUCN (2001), following the criteria Blabffl - extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km2 and estimates indicating only a single location and continuing decline in quality of habitat.
Sloanea petalata shares some characteristics with S. garckeana K. Schum. such as inflorescence type (a triad), the connective prolonged into an aristate awn, and the velutinous indument that covers the ovary. However, it can be distinguished from S. garckeana in having petals and longer fdaments (3 mm long in S. petalata vs. 1-2 mm long in S. garckeana) and ovary (ca. 6 mm long in S. petalata vs. 3—4 mm long in S. garckeana).
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge FAPESP for the financial support to carry out this research; Lúcia Rossi (SP) and Marcus Nadruz Coelho (RB) for their suggestions during the research, and Isabela Mascia Silveira for the English revision of the mansucript.
References
IUNC. 2001. IUNC Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUNC Species Commission. IUNC, Gland and Cambridge. 33p.
Mabberley, D.J. 2008. The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. 3 ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1021p.
Sampaio, D. 2009. Revisão taxonômica das espécies neotropicais extra-amazônicas de Sloanea L. (Elaeocarpaceae) na América do Sul. 1 68p. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas.
Smith, C.E. 1954. The new world species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae). Contribution Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 175: 1-144.
Artigo recebido em 07/10/2009. Aceito em 08/04/2010.
Rodriguésia 61(1): 013-015. 2010
-SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
Rodríguésia 61(1); 01 7-020. 2010 http! //rod riguesia.jbrj.gov.br
Oxypetalum laciniatum, uma espécie nova de Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) do sul da Bahia, Brasil
Oxypetalum laciniatum, a newspecies of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) from southem Bahia, Brazil
Alessandro Rapini1 & Maria Ana Farinaccio 2
Resumo
Uma nova espécie de Oxypetalum , O. laciniatum Rapini & Farinaccio, é descrita e ilustrada. Ela foi coletada apenas uma vez, em mata higrófda, no sul do estado da Bahia, e pertence ao complexo O. cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr. Diferencia-se prontamente das demais espécies desse grupo pelas flores com lacínias da corola mais longas (ca. 2,85 cm compr.), polínios mais curtos (até 0,3 mm compr., cerca de um terço do comprimento do retináculo) e apêndice do ginostégio com ápice levemente bifurcado em ramos subparalelos. Palavras-chave: Asclepiadaceae, florística, Mata Atlântica, taxonomia.
Abstract
A new species of Oxypetalum, O. laciniatum Rapini & Farinaccio, is described and illustrated. It was collected only once in the moist forest of southem Bahia, and belongs to the O. cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr. species complex. The new species, however, can be promptly distinguished from the others in this group by the flowers with longer lacinia (ca. 2.85 cm long), shorter pollinia (up to 0.3 mm long; about 1/3 of the corpusculum length), and appendix of gynostegium with apex slightly bifid in subparallel branches.
Key words: Asclepiadaceae, Atlantic forest, floristics, taxonomy.
Introdução
Oxypetalum R. Br. (Apocynaceae) é um gênero neotropical com cerca de 120 espécies, ocorrendo da Argentina ao México, mas com centro de diversidade na porção centro-leste da América do Sul (Farinaccio 2006). A maioria das espécies possui flores vistosas, geralmente com ginostégio rostrado, simulando um estigma, e polinários com caudículos horizontais providos de um dente incluso. As espécies brasileiras foram revisadas por Hoehne (1916) e as argentinas por Meyer (1943); desde então, vários estudos têm contribuído para a taxonomia do gênero, com destaque para floras estaduais recentes nas Regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil (e.g., Farinaccio 2004; Fontella- Pereira etal. 2004; Schwarz 2006; Marquete etal. 2007).
Durante a preparação da flora de Apocynaceae do estado da Bahia, uma nova espécie de
Oxypetalum foi reconhecida. Ela pertence ao complexo O. cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr., caracterizado pelo hábito volúvel, folhas membranáceas, profundamente cordadas a auriculadas na base, inflorescências laxas e flores frequentemente longipediceladas, com lacínias da corola longas, patentes, e polinários com retináculo laminar. Além de O. cordifolium, este complexo inclui também O. harleyi (Fontella & Goyder) Farinaccio, O. mexiae Malme, O. pedicellatum Decne. e O. subriparium Malme. As diferenças entre essas espécies foram consideradas inconsistentes porFontella-Pereira etal, (2005). Todavia, eles não deixaram de indicar taxonomicamente a correlação entre a morfologia e a distribuição geográfica desses táxons, tratando-os, porém, como subespécies de O. cordifolium (para identificação desses táxons, veja chave em Fontella-Pereira etal. 2005).
'Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Depto. Ciências Biológicas, Av. Cidade Universitária s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.
rapinibot@yahoo.com.br
2Universidade de São Paulo, Depto. Botânica, R. do Matào 277, 5508-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, mafarinaccio@hotmail.com
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
18
O conceito amplo de Oxypetalum cordifolium (sensu Fontella-Pereira et al. 2005) apenas transfere a dificuldade na separação dos táxons e a suposta inconsistência entre seus caracteres para o nível infraespecífico. Assim, tem-se preferido (e.g. Rapini & Farinaccio 2008) mantê-los no nível de espécie até que dados objetivos sobre a relação entre eles sejam apresentados. Nesse sentido, adiciona-se aqui mais uma espécie a este complexo: O. laciniatum Rapini & Farinaccio. Ela pode ser facilmente reconhecida pelas folhas velutinas e subcordadas na base, flores longipediceladas, com corola verde-escura, de lacínias longas (ca. 2,85 cm compr.) e divergentes, polínios curtos (menos de um terço do tamanho do retináculo) e apêndice do ginostégio com ápice bífido em ramos subparalelos.
Material e Métodos
Nos últimos 15 anos, foram examinadas as coleções de Oxypetalum depositadas nos principais herbários da América Latina, Estados Unidos e Europa: ALCB, AMAZ, AS, ASE, B, BA, BAB, BHCB, BM, BOTU, BR, C, CAS, CEPEC, CESJ, CORD, CR, CTES. CUZ, EAC, ENCB, ESA, F, FCQ, G, GH, HAL, HAS, HB, HOXA, HPL, HRB, HRCB, HST, HUEFS, HUFU, HUT, HXBH, IAN, IEB, INPA, ff A, JPB, K, LE, LIL, LPB, M, MAC, MBM, MBML, MCNS, MG, MO, MOSS, NY, OUPR, P, PACA, PY, R, RB, S, SI, SJRP, SMU, SP, SPF, SPSF, ST, TEPB, UB, UC, UEC, UFMA, UFP, UFRN, UFRPE, UNBA, UPCB, URGS, US, USM, USZ, VEN, VIC, VT, W, WIS, WU e XAL (siglas conforme Thiers 2010). A terminologia utilizada na descrição morfológica está baseada em Radford et al. (1974) e Steam (1998). As medidas e ilustrações de detalhes florais foram realizadas com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico Leica MZ8, com câmara clara acoplada.
Resultados e Discussão
Oxypetalum laciniatum Rapini & Farinaccio, sp. nov. Tipo: BRASIL. B AHIA: Wenceslau Guimarães, Estação Ecológica Estadual Nova Esperança, margem da cachoeira do Rio Serra Grande, 13°35’43”S, 39°43’ 18”W, 27.VII.2001, IL, LA. Mattos-Silva, S.C. Santana & J.L. Paixão 4493 (holótipo HUEFS!; isótipos ALCB ! , CEPEC !). Fig. 1
Oxypetalo pedicellato Decne. affine, a quo lobis corollae longioribus (circa 2,85 mm vice usque 2 cm longis), polliniis brevioribus (circa 0,3 mm vice 0,5 mm longis vel longioribus) et appendice gynostegii in ramos subparallelos
Rapini, A. & Farinaccio, M.A.
leviter bifido ( vice in ramos divaricatos profunde bífido ) dijfert.
Trepadeira; ramos pubescentes a hirsutos; látex alvo. Pecíolo 0,7-2 cm compr., hirsuto; lâmina foliar elíptica, subcordada na base, acuminada no ápice, velutina em ambas as faces, 6-10 x 2,5-3,5 cm, membranácea, com 2 pares de coléteres na base da face adaxial. Monocásios 3- ou 4-floras; pedúnculo 1-3 mm compr.; pedicelos 4-4,5 cm compr. Cálice abaxialmente hirtelo; sépalas estreitamente lanceoladas, ca. 3,2 x 0,7 mm; 1 ou 2 coléteres altemissépalos, digitiformes, ca. 0,34 x 0, 1 3 mm. Corola verde-escura, rotácea, abaxialmente hirtela, mais esparsamente para o ápice, adaxialmente serícea no tubo, glabra no restante; tubo ca. 2 x 2,7 mm; lacínias subuladas, ca. 28,5 x 2,6 mm, patentes. Corona pentalobada; lobos 1,5- 1,7 x ca. 1,2 mm, largamente oblongos, carnosos, mais espessos no ápice e nas margens, abaxialmente levemente apiculado. Anteras ca. 2 mm compr.; apêndice membranáceo suboblongo, revoluto para a base. Retináculo linear, ca. 1,03 x 0,13 mm; caudículos com dente córneo distalmente, ca. 0,1 mm compr.; polínios oblongos, 0,28-0,3 x 0,08-0,09 mm. Apêndice do ginostégio rostrado; rostro ca. 4,5 mm compr., ca. 1 mm bífido em ramos subparalelos entre si.
Oxypetalum laciniatum foi coletada uma única vez, em mata higrófila sobre solo argiloso, no sul da Bahia, apresentando flores em julho. E facilmente reconhecida dentre as espécies da Bahia pelos pedicelos longos e delgados partindo de um pedúnculo curto, semelhantes aos encontrados em O. pedicellatum. As lacínias da corola são as mais longas dentre as espécies brasileiras do complexo O. cordifolium (nas demais espécies, elas não ultrapassam 2 cm compr.), enquanto os polínios são os mais curtos (0,3 vs. 0,5 mm ou mais, nas outras espécies), correspondendo a menos de um terço do comprimento do retináculo (vs. pelo menos cerca de metade); o ápice do ginostégio é levemente partido, mas com os ramos subparalelos, enquanto nas demais espécies do grupo essa divisão costuma ser profunda, geralmente quase até a metade, e os ramos são divergentes entre si.
Agradecimentos
Este trabalho faz parte do Projeto de Pesquisa em diversidade e filogenia de Apocynaceae apoiado pela Fapesb. Agradecemos ao Dr. Cássio van den Berg as correções na diagnose em latim. O primeiro autor é bolsista PQ-2 do CNPq.
Rodriguésia 61(1): 01 7-020. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
Oxypetalum laciniatum
Figura 1 - Oxypetalum laciniatum Rapini & Farinaccio - a. ramo com flores; b. detalhe do indumento da face adaxial da folha; c. detalhe do indumento da face abaxial da folha; d. botão floral; e. flor; f. lobo da corona, face adaxial;
g. estame; h. polinário; i. ápice do apêndice do ginostégio ( Mattos-Silva et al. 4493).
Figure 1 - Oxypetalum laciniatum Rapini & Farinaccio - a. branch with flowers; b. detail of indumentum on the adaxial surface of leave; c. detail of indumentum on the abaxial surface of leave; d. flower-bud; e. flower; f. corolla lobe, adaxial surface; g. stamen;
h. pollinarium; i. apex of the gynostegium appendix (Mattos-Silva et al. 4493).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 017-020. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
20
Referências
Farinaccio, M.A. 2004. Oxypetalum R.Br. In: Wanderley, M.G.L.; Shepherd, G.L.; Melhem, T.S. & Giulietti, A.M. (ed.). Flora fanerogâmica do estado de São Paulo. Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo. Vol. 4. Pp. 130-150. Farinaccio, M.A. 2006. Sistemática molecular de Oxypetalum R.Br. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. 142p. + anexos.
Fontella-Pereira, J.; Valente, M.C.; Marquete, N.M.S. & Ichaso, C.L.F. 2004. Apocináceas-Asclepiadóideas. In: Reis, A. (ed.). Flora ilustrada catarinense. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajaí. 250p. Fontella-Pereira, J.; Goyder, D.J. & Marquete, N.F.S. 2005. Infraspecific variation in Oxypetalum cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Kew Bulletin 60: 103-109. Hoehne, F.C. 1916. Monografia das Asclepiadaceas brasileiras. ( Monographia Asclepiadacearum Brasiliensium). Oxypetalum et Calostigma. Commissão de Linhas Telegraphicas Estratégicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas 38(1): 1-131, tabs. 1-59; ib. (1) supl.: 1-13, tabs. 60-62; ib. (2): 1-29, tabs. 1-12.
Rapini, A. & Farinaccio, M.A.
Marquete, N.F.S. ; Fontella-Pereira, J. & Valente, M.C. 2007. Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) from southeastem Brazil. I. The genus Oxypetalum from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94: 435-462.
Meyer, T. 1943. Revisón de las especies argentinas dél género “ Oxypetalum' ’ (Asclepiadaceae). Lilloa 9: 5-72.
Radford, A.E.; Dickison, W.C.; Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. 1974. Vascular plant systematics. Harper & Row, New York. 89 lp.
Rapini, A. & Farinaccio, M.A. 2008. Two taxonomic changes in Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) from Brazil. Neodiversity 3:19-21.
Schwarz, E.A. 2006. O gênero Oxypetalum R.Br. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) no estado do Paraná. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro. 227p.
Steam, W.T. 1998. Botanical Latin. 4 ed. Timber Press, Portland. 546p.
Thiers, B. 2010. Index Herbaríorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Disponível em <http://sweetgum. nybg.org/ih/>. Acesso em 13 abril 2010.
Artigo recebido em 21/08/2009. Aceito para publicação em 14/04/2010.
Ftodriguésia 61(1): 0 17-020. 2010
■SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010 http : / /rodriguésia. jbrj .gov.br
LV
Miscellaneous new species in the Brazilian Bromeliaceae
Miscelânea de novas espécies em Bromeliaceae no Brasil
Elton M.C. Leme1, Cláudio Nicoletti de Fraga2, Ludovic J.C. Kollmann3, Gregoiy K. Brown4 *, Walter Tilf, Otávio B.C. Ribeiro 6, Marlon C. Machado7, Fernando J.S. Monteiro8 & André Paviotti Fontana9
Abstract
From 1990 to 2006, 2,875 new angiosperm species were described in Brazil, including 280 new Bromeliaceae species. This publication rate is considered to be a useful indicator of floristic richness and also reveals the huge gaps in our knowledge of species that make up Brazilian biomes and the importance of taxonomy as a basic tool to assess biodiversity and conservation. The goal of modem taxonomists is in a race against time ordained by an unprecedented rate of global biodiversity loss, and therefore collaboration is vital to successfully close these gaps. This paper is the result of a broad cooperative research effort undertaken specifícally to provide basic data on the identity of new components of Brazilian biological diversity. The authors describe and illustrate 22 new Bromeliaceae species from three subfamilies: Bromelioideae - Aechmea guaratingensis, A. paratiensis, A. rubroaristata , Cryptanthus capitellatus, C. venecianus, C. viridovinosus , Hohenbergia aechmeoides, H. arcuata, H. barbarespina, H. reconcavensis , Nidularium alegrense, Orthophytum teofdo-otonense, O. cearence ; Pitcaimioideae -Dyckia espiritosantensis, D. nana, Pitcairnia capixaba ; Tillandsioideae - Tiilandsia castelensis, Vriesea euclidiana, V. fontanae, V. mukifoliata, V. sanctateresensis and V. teresopolitana.
Key words: biodiversity, Bromelioideae, new taxa, Pitcaimioideae, taxonomy, Tillandsioideae.
Resumo
No Brasil, entre 1990 e 2006, foram descritas 2.875 novas espécies de angiospermas, incluindo 280 novos membros para a família Bromeliaceae. Esses números constituem um indicador tanto da riqueza florística do país, como também da grande lacuna de conhecimento das espécies que compõem os biomas brasileiros, ao mesmo tempo em que destacam a importância da taxonomia como uma ferramenta de base no âmbito da catalogação da biodiversidade e da conservação. A tarefa dos taxonomistas modernos é hoje ditada por uma verdadeira corrida contra o tempo em razão da perda global da biodiversidade sem precedentes. Nesse processo, a colaboração é vital para suprir as lacunas do conhecimento. Este trabalho é o resultado de um amplo esforço cooperativo de pesquisa que tem o propósito de fornecer dados básicos sobre a identidade de novas espécies que compõem a biodiversidade brasileira. São aqui descritas e ilustradas 22 espécies novas de Bromeliaceae, pertencentes a três subfamílias e nove gêneros: Bromelioideae -Aechmea guaratingensis, A. paratiensis, A. rubroaristata, Cryptanthus capitellatus, C. venecianus, C. viridovinosus, Hohenbergia aechmeoides, H. arcuata, H. barbarespina, H. reconcavensis, Nidularium alegrense, Orthophytum teofilo-otonense, O. cearence, Pitcaimioideae - Dyckia espiritosantensis, D. nana, Pitcairnia capixaba, Tillandsioideae — Tiilandsia castelensis, Vriesea euclidiana, V. fontanae, V. multifoliata, V. sanctateresensis e V. teresopolitana.
Palavras-chave: biodiversidade, Bromelioideae, novos táxons Pitcaimioideae, taxonomia, Tillandsioideae.
1 Herbarium Bradeanum, C.P. 1 5005, 2003 1 -970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Autor for corespondence: leme@tjrj.jus.br
2 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, R. Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. cnfraga@jbrj.gov.br
3Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão, Av. José Ruschi 4, 29650-000, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. ludovic@limainfo.com.br
‘Universily of ' Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. gkbrown@uwyo.edu
'Herbarium of the Biodiversity Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-l 030 Wien, Áustria, walter.till@univie.ac.at
‘Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Depto. Biologia Vegetal, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. otaviocacto@vicosa.ufv.br
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Herbário HUEFS, Av. Transnordestina s/n, BR 1 1 6, km 3, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. marlonmachado@yahoo.com.br
"r. Carolina Sucupira 1 985. ap. 202, 60190-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. femandojsmonteiro@gmail.com
'Centro de Referência para Recuparação de Áreas Degradadas, BR 407, km 12, lote 543, 56300-000, Petrolina, PE. andrepaviotti@yahoo.com.br
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
22
Introductíon
One of today’s most grievous problems is the mass extinction of species. This widespread extinction is the result of, among othcr reasons, the disappearance and fragmentation of habits brought about by a great variety of man's unrestrained activities (Gascon etal. 2001;Tabarelli etal. 2007). The number of recent extinctions due to human interference is 1 00 to 1 ,000 times greater than what took place in pre-human times (Pimm et al. 1995; Rocha 2000). Although we known only an estimated 2 to 15% of the organisms in our biosphere, a loss of one million or more species has been estimated for the 20'h century, with today’s projection of the extinction rate some 100 or more species per day (Biemer 1 994). Morawetz & Raedig (2007) estimate a loss of 1 00 narrow endemic angiosperm species per year in the Neotropics, most of them affected by habitat loss and fragmentation.
The number of flowering plants on earth is estimated from 220,000 to 420,000, whereby this broad range is due to different application of synonymies (Govaerts 2003; Scotland & Wortley 2003; Wortley & Scotland 2004). Neotropical angiosperms constitute a high proportion of angiosperm species worldwide, ranging from 26% to 37% (Smith et al. 2004; Morawetz & Raedig 2007). Brazil is thought to be the leader on earth in number of higher plants, with about 55,000 species (Ministério do Meio Ambiente 1998), with high angiosperm biodiversity, including narrow endemics, concentrated, for example in the south- eastem Coastal area, mainly in Southern Bahia and around Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, as well as in north-western Amazon, in the surroundings of Manaus, in the upper Rio Negro area and in the Amazon delta (Morawetz & Raedig 2007).
According to Sobral & Stehmann (2009), from 1990 to 2006, 2,875 new angiosperm species were described in Brazil, including 280 new Bromeliaceae species, out of a total of 3, 1 72 known bromeliad species (Luther 2008). This rate of publication is considered a useful indicator of floristic richness as well as of lack of adequate floristic knowledge. This fact reveals the huge gaps in our knowledge about species that make up Brazilian biomes and the importance of taxonomy as a basic tool to assess biodiversity and conservation (May 1990; Mayo et al. 2000).
Taxonomy is essential to implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as a key input in the management of all types of ecosystems since it provides information on the
Leme , E.M.C. et al.
identity of the components of the biological diversity (Fraga 2007). As Landrum (2001) aptly States, the work of the taxonomist describing and mapping the organisms of the world, is the truc foundation of conservation. Recognition of threats to biological resources and informed environmental decision-makmg to ensure sustainable resource use can only be possible if the species are effectively known (Smith & Wolfson 2004). To address the gaps in our taxonomic knowledge that substantially impact our ability to conserve and promote fare- use of biological diversity and equitable sharing of its benefits, the Sixth Conference of the Parties of the CBD adopted the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation and established the Global Taxonomic Initiative. Thus, the goal of modem taxonomists is trapped in a race against time ordained by an unprecedented rate of global biodiversity loss (Leme 2003), and collaboration is vital for the success in closing these gaps (Paton et al. 2008). It is imperative that botanists and conservationists interact to meet the so called global biodiversity challenge (Callmander et al. 2005).
In Brazil, facing the perspective of new discoveries, the taxonomist’ s task is proportional to this country’s megadiversity. Taxonomic technical cooperation networks, collaborative research and taxonomist interaction are essential to surpass logistical difficulties related to, e.g. territory dimension and complex topography, resources scarcity, reluctant policies, and strengthen scientific production. This paper is the result of a broad research cooperation undertaken with the single purpose of providing basic data on the identity of new components of the Brazilian biological diversity.
Material and Methods
The studied species were collected randomly in pre-selected sites during field activities with the specific purpose of biodiversity prospection in Bromeliaceae. The descriptions and illustrations are based on live fcrtile material using a stereomicroscope, before pressing and drying, and descriptive terminology follows Smith & Downs ( 1 974, 1 977, 1979), with adaptations. Voucher specimens were dried and pressed according to Fidalgo & Bononi (1984) and deposited in the herbaria RB, HB, MBML and VIC (acronyms following Holmgren etal. 2003).
The living holotype or paratype descendant (i.e. the “living type” according with Fraga & Silva 2004) were grown at the Refúgio dos Gravatás, •in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro and part of these
Rodriguésia 61 (1 ): 021-067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18
New species in Bromeliaceae
23
cultivate to in Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden, Rio de Janeiro, folio wing the guidelines recommended by the Convention on Biological Diversity for ex situ conservation.
Results and Discussion
Aechmea Ruiz & Pav.
With at least 60% of the species found in Brazil, the genus Aechmea is the largest one in subfamily Bromelioideae. It has 256 species (Luther 2008) in eight subgenera: Aechmea, Chevaliera (Gaudich. ex Beer) Baker, Lamprococcus (Beer) Baker, Macrochordion (de Vriese) Baker, Ortgiesia (Regei) Mez, Platyaechmea (Baker) Baker, Podaechmea Mez, and Pothava (Baker) Baker. Of these, only Podaechmea is not represented in Brazil.
Huge structural and morphological diversity together with a poor understanding of the natural delimitation of these species, and therefore of the subgenera, makes Aechmea one of the taxonomy’s most important challenges today. These attributes have contributed decisively to the fact that this genus is a dumping ground for taxa, without a well- defined generic position, and this has inflated the universe of discordant elements, especially in subgenus Aechmea (Leme 1997; Leme & Siqueira- Filho 2006).
Aechmea guaratingensis Leme & L. Kollmann, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. BAHIA: Guaratinga, São João do Sul, Fazenda Estrela do Sul, 16°41 ’46.2”S, 39°58’59.5”W, 777 melev., 21.IV.2009, fl„ E. Leme , L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana & C. Esgario 7767 (holotype RB!; isotype MBML!). Figs. la-e, 2a-b
Species nova a Aechmea marauensis Leme cui affinis, inflorescentia conferta vel fere, plus ramosa, fasciculis basalibus manifeste latioribus, floribus quaquaverse dispositis, bracteis Jloriferis apicem versus roseis, sepalis roseis sed apice marginibusque lilacinis et antheris apice api cu latis dijfert.
Plant terrestrial or epiphytic, flowering 90- 1 1 0 cm tall. Leaves ca. 20, rosulate, suberect, coriaceous, forming at base a narrow funnelform rosette; sheaths elliptic, 19-20x 1 l-12cm,darkwine-purpleonboth sides and toward the apex, castaneous outside and toward the base, densely and minutely brown-lepidote on bolh sides, at apex densely and coarsely spinose, spines similar to those of the basal portion of the blades; blades sublinear, not narrowed toward the base, 60-70 x 4.7-5 cm, green to greenish-yellow or reddish toward the apex, subdensely to sparsely
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
and inconspicuously white-lepidote mainly abaxially, apex acute to acuminate and mucronate, margins densely spinose, spines dark brown, narrowly triangular, flat, the basal ones 3-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at base, 2-5 mm apart, spreading to slightly retrorse, the upperones 1.5-3 mm long, 1- 1.5 mm wide at base, 4—7 mm apart, prevailing antrorse. Peduncle erect, 40-45 cm long, ca. 1 .5 cm in diameter, rose, subdensely white lepidotes, trichomes fimbriate; peduncle bracts sublinear-lanceolate, acute and mucronate, 19-23 X5-5.5 cm, erect, nerved, entire, subdensely to sparsely lepidote mainly abaxially, distinctly exceeding the intemodes and enfolding the scape, thinly coriaceous, pale rose; inflorescence narrowly subpyramidal, 4-pinnate at base and tripinnate toward the apex, about equaling the leaves, erect, 30-38 cm long, 13-15 cm in diameter at base (excluding the petals), rachis 0.8-1.2 mm in diameter, straight, densely white sublanate, rose terete; primaiy bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, entire, finely nerved, subdensely and inconspicuously white lepidote abaxially and adaxially toward the apex, reddish-rose, chartaceous, cymbiform, loosely reflexed, decreasing in size toward the inflorescence apex, 5-15 x 1.2-2.5 cm, the basal ones distinctly exceeding the branches, the upper ones about equaling to slightly exceeding the branches (excluding the petals); primary branches 23 to 25 in number polystichously and subdensely (at base) to densely (toward the apex) arranged, subsprcading, slightly decreasing in length toward the inflorescence apex, 4.5-8.5 cm long, bearing 2 (uppes ones) to 7 (basal ones) secondary branches densely aggregated at apex and forming subflabellate, pulvinate terminal fascicle 3-6 cm wide at apex, stipes 1-3.5 X 0.7- 1.3 cm, ebracteate, complanate, bright reddish-rose, densely white sublanate, rachis inconspicuous; secondary bracts broadly ovate, acute and mucronate, 25-35 x 1 8-22 mm, including the ca. 2 mm long pungent, brown apical mucron, shorter than the secondary branches, suberect, thinly coriaceous, entire, nerved, carinate toward the apex, glabrous, lustrous, rose; secondary branches the basal ones resembling the upper primary branches, the upper ones sessile, ellipsoid, 3-4 x 1 .7-2 cm, bearing 6 to 8 flowers; floral bracts broadly elliptic to suborbicular, obtuse and mucronate, 23-27 x ca. 20 mm, including the 2-3 mm long pungent, apical mucron, slightly shorter to equaling the sepals, straight to suberect near the apex, thin in texture, entire, nerved, glabrous, lustrous, and covered by a oleaginous substance, rose toward the apex, those of the basal branches carinate or obtusely carinate toward the apex.
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14
cm ..
24
Leme, E.M.C. et ai.
Figure 1 - a -c.Aechmea guaratingensis Leme & L. Kollmann - a. leaf apex, adaxial view; b. floral bracts, from above; c. flower in side view; d. sepal, from below; e. petal and stamen, from above. f-k. A. paratiensis Leme & Fraga - f. leaf apex, adaxial view; g. margin ofthe leaf in the basal portion; h. floral bracts, from above; i. flower in side view; j. sepal, from below; k. petal and stamen, from above. l-o. A. rubroaristata Leme & Fraga - 1. peduncle bract; m. floral bracts, from above; n. sepal, from below; o. petal and stamen, from above. (a-e Leme 7767; f-k Silva 136; l-o Leme 1662).
Ftodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm l
SciELO/ JBRJ
New species in Bromeliaceae
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021 -067. 2010
Figure 2 — Habit and detail of inflorescence and flowers - a-b. Aechmea guaratingensis Leme & L. Kollmann. c-d A. paratiensis Leme & Fraga. e-f. A. rubroaristata Leme & Fraga. g-h. Cryptanthus capitellatus Leme & L. Kollmann (photos: E. Leme).
cm ..
26
Flowers 30-35 mm long (including the petals), odorless, erect at anthesis, polystichously arranged, sessile, producing an abundant oleaginous, translucent substance; sepals subobovate, distinctly asymmetrical with the lateral membranous, rounded wing nearly equaling the midnerve, rose except for the lilac apical margins, glabrous, lustrous and covered by a oleaginous translucent substance, obtusely if at all carinate toward the apex, ca. 17x8 mm, connate at base for ca. 3 mm, apex mucronulate, mucron ca.
1 mm long; petals narrowly subsphatulate, subacute and apiculate, 25-26 x ca. 6 mm, free, lilac in its basal 2/3 and purple in its apical 1/3, erect, except for the suberect extreme apex, forming a tubular slightly convergent corolla, bearing at base 2 shortly conchiform, truncate, denticulate appendages, ca. 1.5 x 2 mm, as well as 2 conspicuous callosities ca. 15 mm long, shorter than the filaments; filaments ca. 1 8 mm long, complanate, not at all dilated toward the apex, white, the antesepalous ones free, the antepetalous ones basally adnate to the petals forca. 5 mm; anthers ca 5 mm long, dorsifixed nearthe middle, lilac along the connective zone, base obtuse, apex apiculate; pollen globose, exine reticulate; stigma conduplicate-spiral, subglobose-fusiform, purple, margins remotely crenulate to nearly entire; ovary narrowly subclavate, subtrigonous, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter at apex, glabrous; epigynous tube funnelform, ca. 2.5 mm long; placentation apical; ovules long caudate. Fruits unknown.
Aechmea guaratingensis is a member of subgenus Aechmea, closely related toA. marauensis. It differs from the closer relative by its inflorescence with branches densely arranged toward the base and almost completely hiding the rachis (vs. with branches laxly to subdensely arranged toward the apex, not hiding the rachis), 4-pinnate at base and tripinnate toward the apex (vs. tripinnate at base and bipinnate toward the apex), distinctly broader basal fascicles (3-6 cm wide vs. 1 .2-2.5 cm wide), polystichously arranged flowers (vs. distichously arranged flowers or nearly so), floral bracts rose toward the apex (vs. rose toward the base and whitish-lilac near the apex), sepals rose except for the lilac apical margins (vs. greenish at base and lilac toward lhe apex), and by the apically apiculate anthers (vs. apically obtuse).
While Aechmea marauensisis known to grow in lowlands of the Coastal zone, both terrestrially as well as an epiphyte in the Coastal plain vegetation (Restinga) and in nearby Atlantic Forest, A. guaratingensis is a typical inhabitant of the montain
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
Atlantic Forest, around 700 m elevation, where it thrives more often as a terrestrial, despite sparsely distributed epiphytic clumps that were observed at the collection site.
The specific name chosen for Aechmea guaratingensis is a reference to the county of Guaratinga, State of Bahia, where it was discovered.
Aechmea paratiensis Leme & Fraga, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Parati, Praia de Antigos, 23°20’20.05”S, 4437’ 1 8.81”W, 25 m elev., 8.IX.1999, fl„ B.R. Silva 136, fl. cult. VIII. 2009 (holotype RB!; isotype HB!). Fig.s 1 f-k, 2 c-d
Species nova a Aechmea aguadocensis Leme & L. Kollmann, cui affinis, laminis foliorum brevioribus angustioribusque, bracteis floriferis atropurpureo-castaneis, brevioribus et apice truncatis, floribus brevioribus, sepalis brevioribus, apicem versus purpureis et petalis minoribus differt; Aechmea cariocae L.B. Sm., cui affinis, laminis foliorum brevioribus angustioribusque, inflorescentia breviora, bracteis floriferis atropurpureo-castaneis, brevioribus apice truncatis, floribus brevioribus, haud odoratis, sepalis apicem versus purpureis, angustioribus et petalis minoribus differt; a Aechmea muricata (Arruda) L.B. Sm., próxima, laminis foliorum marginibus spinis basalibus longioribus, inflorescentia breviora, bracteis floriferis atropurpureo-castaneis, brevioribus apice truncatis, floribus brevioribus, sepalis apicem versus purpureis et petalis brevioribus, prope apicem per anthesin suberectis differt.
Plant epiphytic, propagating by short basal shoots, flowering ca. 65 cm high. Leaves ca. 18, suberect, coriaceous, forming a funnelform rosette; sheaths elliptic, ca. 1 5 x 8.5 cm, dark castaneous toward the base mainly adaxially, greenish near the apex, densely brown lepidote on both sides; blades sublinear, not narrowed at base, 50-60 x 5.5-6 cm, apex acuminate, ending in a slender dark brown pungent spine ca. 7 mm long, abaxially densely white lepidote with trichomes sometimes forming inconspicuous crossbands, adaxially sparsely and inconspicuously white lepidote, margins densely to subdensely spinose, spines subtriangular, dark brown, the basal ones 3-6 x 1.5-3 mm, 2-6 mm apart, strongly retrorse-uncinate, the upper ones 1.5-2 x ca. 1 mm, slightly antrorse-uncinate to retrorse-uncinate, 6-12 mm apart. Peduncle stout, • suberect, ca. 45 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm in diameter, greenish to purplish, white lepidote to glabrescent;
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
New species in Bromeliaceae
27
peduncle bracts distinctly exceeding the intemodes, the basal ones subfoliaceous, the upper ones with sheaths broadly ovate to subreniform, erect and strongly imbricate, almost completely covering the scape, 2.5-6 x ca. 3.5 cm, dark colored, subdensely white lepidote mainly toward the base, blades narrowly sublinear-lanceolate, strongly contrasting with the sheaths, pale stramineous, suberect to loosely reflexed, 3.5-7 x 0.5-1. 5 cm, densely spinulose at apex to entire; inflorescence simple, erect, very densely strobilate, oblong-capitate in late anthesis and subcylindrical, ca. 7.5 x5 cm in diameter (excluding the petals), apex truncate and bearing a small coma of sterile bracts ca. 1 .3 cm in diameter; floral bracts obpyramidate-obovate, navicular, thick-coriaceous and lignified, tricarinate, enfolding the ovary, dark purple-castaneous and densely white lepidote on the visible parts, greenish and glabrous or nearly so at the hidden parts, apex truncate and bearing a spine 7-10 mm long, 19-21 x 12-14 mm (including the apical spine). Flowers sessile, densely and polystically arranged, spreading, 28-3 1 mm long, odorless; sepals suboblong, thinly coriaceous, asymmetrical with a rounded membranous, lateral wing about equaling the midnerve, bearing a long apical spine, ecarinate, subfree, purple toward the apex except for the white- hyaline margins, reddish near the base, densely white lepidote, ca. 17 x 6 mm, including tire ca. 5 mm long dark wine-castaneous apical spine; petals narrowly subsphatulate, apex subacute and distinctly apiculate, lilac near the apex and lilac-rose toward the base on the visible parts, erect except for the suberect apex, 21-22 xca. 4.5 mm, free, bearing two well developed longitudinal callosities ca. 12x1 mm, without any appendages; filaments whitish, partially concealed by callosities, 15-16 xca. 1 mm, complanate, not at all dilated toward the apex, the antepetalous ones adnate to petal for ca. 7 mm, the antesepalous ones free; anthers sublinear-lanceolate, base obtuse, apex acuminate, dorsifixed slightly bellow the middle, ca. 5.5 mm long, cream colored; pollen broadly ellipsoid, subporate, exine reticulate; style cylindrical, whitish, ca. 2 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; stigma conduplicate-spiral, ellipsoid, lobes strongly twisted, ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 1.2 mm in diameter, white, margins shortly crenulate-lacerate; ovary subclavate, terete, free and not fused to other ovaries, whitish, glabrous, ca. 7 mm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter at apex; placentation apical; ovules ca. 1 .2 mm long, long caudate; epigynous tube crateriform, ca. 2 mm long. Fruits unknown.
Aechmea paratiensis is a typical member of Aechmea subgen. Chevaliera and can be morphologically related to A. aguadocensis, A. cariocae and A. muricata, despite its distinctly smaller stature and more delicate general conformation. When compared to A. aguadocencis, which is a recently discovered species from the north of Espírito Santo State (Leme & Kollmann 2009), this new species differs by the shorter and narrower leaf blades (50-60 x 5.5-6 cm vs. 120-160X 11-1 3 cm), the dark purple- castaneous (vs. pale yellowish-castaneous) and shorter floral bracts ( 1 9-2 1 mm vs. 35-40 mm long) with truncate apex (vs. acuminate), shorter flowers (28-3 1 mmvs. 50-55 mm long), shorter sepals (ca. 17 mm vs. 25-28 mm long) which are purple toward the apex (vs. pale yellowish-castaneous), and by the smaller petals (21-22 x ca. 4.5 mm vs. ca. 36x 7-8 mm). Aechmea paratiensis can be distinguished from A. cariocae, an endemic species from the Atlantic Forest of the county of Rio de Janeiro (Leme & Silva 2002), by its smaller leaf blades (50-60 x 5.5-6 cm vs. ca. 250 x 12- 15 cm), shorter inflorescence (ca. 7.5 vs. 1 5-20 cm long), dark purple-castaneous (vs. light green) and shorter floral bracts ( 1 9-2 1 mm vs. 25-30 mm long), with truncate apex (vs. attenuate), shorter and odorless flowers (28- 3 1 mm vs. 50-60 mm long; sweetly fragrant), sepals purple toward the apex (vs. green) and narrower (ca. 6 mm vs. 8-9 mm wide), and by the smaller petals (21-22 x ca. 4.5 mm vs. 40-48 x 9-1 0 mm).
Finally, in comparison to Aechmea muricata, an endemic species from the northem territory States of Pernambuco and Alagoas (Leme & Siqueira-Filho 2006), the morphological differences of A. paratiensis are mainly related to leaf blades with longer marginal spines (3-6 mm vs. 1-3 mm long), shorter inflorescence (ca. 7.5 vs. 1 1-26 cm long), dark purple-castaneous (vs. pale green) and shorter floral bracts (19-21 mm vs. 25-33 mm long) with truncate apex (vs. acute), shorter flowers (28— 31 mm vs. 43-45 mm long), sepals purple toward the apex (vs. light green), and by the shorter petals (21-22 mm vs. 35-36 mm long) with suberect apex at anthesis (vs. suberect-recurved).
The living holotype descendant (cult. E. Leme 7966) is cultivated in the living collection of the Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden, as well as in Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
Aechmea paratiensis is only known from the type collection. It was found growing as an epiphyte in the lowland Atlantic Forest facing Praia de Antigos, at Parati, Rio de Janeiro State, and strongly influenced by the ocean proximity.
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
.SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
28
The name of this new species is a explicit reference to the county of Parati, in the south region of Rio de Janeiro State, where it was disco vered.
Aechmea rubroaristata Leme & Fraga, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: near the border to Paraná, Campo Alegre, Morro do Iquererim (“Quiriri”), 1200to 1450melev., 16.XI.1990, fl., E. Leme , J.C. Silva & L.C. Marigo 1662 (holotype RB!; isotype HB!). Figs. 1 l-o, 2 e-f
Species nova a Aechmea omata Baker, cui affinis, bracteis scapalibus supemis laminis latioribas, integris, bracteis floriferis rubris apice spinis brevioribus, sepalis rubris apice spinis brevioribus, petalis marginibus integris velfere et appendicis crenuiato-denticulatis dijfert; a Aechmea roberto- anselmoi E. Pereira & Leme, cui próxima, laminis foliorum spinis inter sese 1-2 mm distantibus armata, bracteis floriferis rubris inconspicue albo- lepidote vel glabris, apice spinis brevioribus, sepalis rubris, glabris, petalis purpureo-lilacinis et granis polinibus psillatis dijfert.
Plant terrestrial, propagating by stout basal shoots, flowering 70-80 cm high. Leaves ca. 20, suberect, coriaceous, forming a funnelform rosette; sheaths elliptic-ovate, ca. 20 x 12 cm, dark castaneous toward the base, green near the apex, densely brown lepidote on both sides; blades sublinear-attenuate, not narrowed at base, channeled toward the base, ca. 80 x 7 cm, apex acuminate, ending in a pungent spine 5-6 mm long, adaxially inconspicuously and sparsely white- lepidote, abaxialy densely white-lepidote, margins densely spinulose, spines triangular, spreading, straight or slightly antrorsely curved, dark brown, 0. 2-0.5 mm long, 1-2 mm apart. Peduncle stout, erect, ca. 45 cm long, ca. 1 .5 cm in diameter, pale colored, densely white lepidote; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, upper ones narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate-spinescent, pungent, distinctly exceeding the internodes, subdensely and inconspicuously white-lepidote to glabrescent, suberect-ascending, subtending the inflorescence, strongly channeled, red, 7-20 x 3.5-5 cm, the basal ones densely spinulose near the apex, the upper ones entire; inflorescence simple, erect, very densely strobilate, narrowly ovate to cylindrical, ca. 1 5 x 5 cm (at late anthesis, excluding the petals), apex rounded and bearing a distinct apical coma of small sterile bracts; floral bracts broadly obovate to suborbicular, navicular, thickly
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
coriaceous and lignified except for the membranous basal margins, tricarinate, enfolding the ovary, bright red on the visible parts, outside inconspicuously white-lepidote to glabrescent, trichomes not obscuring bracts color, apex truncate and aristate-spinescent, 18-23 x 10-11 mm, including the 7-10 mm long, red, suberect apical spine, distinctly exceeding the sepals, margins entire. Flowers sessile, densely and polystically arranged, subspreading, 23-25 mm long (with extended petals), odorless; sepals broadly suboblong-ovate, asymmetrical with the subrounded lateral inconspicuous wing slightly exceeding the midnerve, apex obtuse and distinctly mucronate, 10-1 1 x ca. 5 mm, including the 2-2.5 mm long, dark red apical mucron, glabrous, coriaceous except for the membranous, whitish-hyaline lateral wing, red, ecarinate, connate at base for ca. 2 mm, margins entire; petals subsphatulate, apex subobtuse and inconspicuously emarginate, slightly cuccullate, inconspicously apiculate, lilac-purple toward the apex, suberect, ca. 1 8 x 5 mm, subfree, margins entire or nearly so, bearing 2 well developed longitudinal callosities ca. 10 mm long, as well as 2 appendages ca. 8 mm above the base, cupulate, subsphatulate, with crenulate-denticulate apex; filaments whitish, partially concealed by callosities and appendages, 13-14 mm long, subterete, the antepetalous ones adnate to petal for 4-5 mm, the antesepalous subfree; anthers sublinear, base sagittate, apex apiculate, dorsifixed at 1/3 of its length above the base, ca. 5 mm long; pollen globose, sulcate, exine psillate; style cylindrical, whitish, ca. 14 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; stigmaconduplicate-spiral, globose, ca. 1.5 mm long, lilac, margins crenulate; ovary broadly subclavate, subquadrate, ca. 6 x 4 mm, densely white lepidote; placentation apical; ovules long caudate; epigynous tube crateriform, ca. 1.5 mm long. Fruits unknown.
Material examined: BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Campo Alegre, Floresta, Cerro do Pito, ca. 1 100 m elev., 17.XI.1990, fl., E.Leme et al. 1672 (RB).
This new species was innacurately identified by Leme & Marigo ( 1 993) as Aechmea ornata var. hoehnena L.B. Sm. and more recently as the typical from of A. omata in Sousa (2004). However, problems involving the broad circumscription of A. omata, including A. roberto-anselmoi as a synonym (e.g. Wendt 1 997), which was followed by Sousa (2004) in the revision of Aechmea subgen. Chevaliera, were already reported by Leme (2009). In the case of A. roberto-anselmoi, Wendt ( 1 997), for example,
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18
New species in Bromeliaceae
29
did not evaluate the fact that the typical A. ornata, ariginaUy described from Santa Catarina State, presents pollen sulcate andpsillate, whenA roberto-anselmoi, from Rio de Janeiro State, has porate pollen grains, as cited in its protologue (Pereira & Leme 1985), with reticulate exine, just to exemplify one striking character of distinction between these taxa. More recently, another circumscription of A. ornata in disagreement with its original concept also appeared in Costa & Wendt (2007), but in their comments the authors seriously considered the uncertainty of the identification of the taxon they studied from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro.
However, when compared to the typical Aechmea ornata, A. rubroaristata, which is a rnember of subgenus Chevaliera, differs by its upper scape bracts withbroaderblades (3.5-5 cmvs. 1. 5-2.7 cm wide), which are also entire (vs. densely spinulose toward the apex), bright red floral bracts (vs. green) with a shorter apical spine (7-10 mm vs. 1 1-15 mm long), bright red sepals (vs. green), with a shorter apical spine (2-2.5 mm vs. 3-5 mm long), and by the petals with entire apical margins (vs. irregularly crenulate-denticulate apical margins), bearing crenulate-denticulate appendages (vs. long fimbriate-lacerate appendages). On the other hand, A. rubroaristata somewhat resembles A. roberto-anselmoi, being distinguished from it by its leaf blades with margins more densely spinose (spines 1-2 mm apart vs. spines 4-5 mm apart), bright red (vs. dark purplish) and inconspicuously white lepidote to glabrous floral bracts (vs. densely and conspicuously white lepidote), with a shorter apical spine (7-10 mm vs. 13-17 mm long), bright red (vs. green to purplish), glabrous sepals (vs. densely and conspicuously white lepidote), lilac-purple petals (vs. rose) and by the psillate pollen (vs. reticulate).
Aechmea rubroaristata is a médium sized to large species found at high elevations (1,1 OO- 1 ,450 m) in the county of Campo Alegre, Santa Catarina State, not far from the border with Paraná State. It grows in the exposed sites of the “Campos de Altitude”, as well as in more protected, shady condition of the gallery forest, where it reaches a giantic size with an inflorescence so heavy that the scape is bent downwards, as documented by Leme & Marigo (1993).
The name of Aechmea rubroaristata is a reference of the eyecatching bright red color of its floral bracts and sepals, combined with the aristate- spinescent floral bracts.
Cryptanthus Otto & A. Dietr.
The genus Cryptanthus has 66 species (Luther 2008) restricted to Brazil. Two subgenera are recognized, the type subgenus and Hoplocryptanthus Mez. The type subgenus occurs from the State of Rio de Janeiro, through Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to the State of Rio Grande do Norte, from sea levei to ca. 700 m elevation, with species characterized by the presence of odorless flowers that are andro- monoecious; the male flowers are located mainly in the mid- to apical sector of the inflorescence, while the perfect flowers are concentrated in the basal fascicles. The petals are nearly always sublinear- lanceolate with length equal to five times or more maximum width (Leme & Siqueira-Filho 2006).
In contrast, species of the subgenus Hoplocryptanthus are concentrated in the montain Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo and the mountains of the Espinhaço range in Minas Gerais, mainly in wet sites at elevations over 600 m. It is distinguished by the usually strongly perfumed flowers which are perfect, with petals broadly spathulate or obovate, length up to three times the width of the lobes, which may be almost orbicular (Leme & Siqueira-Filho 2006).
Cryptanthus capitellatus Leme & L. Kollmann, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPIRITO SANTO: SantaTeresa, Valão de São Brás, Escola Agrotécnica Federal de SantaTeresa, 19°48’ 10”S, 40°4F 21”W, ca. 200 m elev., 24.X.2007, fl., L. Kollmann & R. Britto 10089 (holotype MBML!). Figs. 2 g-h, 3 a-f
Species nova a Cryptanthus beuckeri E. Morren, cui affinis, petiolisfoliorum latioribus, prope apicem gradatim expansis, marginibus spinis longioribus, laminis foliorum angustioribus, sepalis anguste ovato-lanceolatis et longe acuminatis, apicem versus barbare albolepidotis differt.
Plant terrestrial, stemless, propagating by short basal shoots. Leaves 8 to 11, suberect at anthesis, laxly disposed and forming an open rounded rosette; sheaths suborbicular, reddish, densely white-lepidote and distinctly rugose, densely spinose toward the apex; blades petiolate to subpetiolate, petioles 2-10 X 0.8-1 .8 cm, slightly merging into the blades, strongly L) to V channeled, thickly coriaceous, densely white lepidote mainly abaxially, reddish, margins slightly recurved, densely spinose to entire at the upper portion, spines narrowly triangular, spreading to slightly antrorsely curved, reddish, 1 .5-2 mm long, 1-5 mm apart, blades narrowly lanceolate, 7-21 x 1. 5-4.5 cm, coriaceous, sometimes
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
30
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
Figure 3 — a-f. Cryptanthus capitellatus Leme & L. Kollmann - a. leaf, adaxial view; b. floral bracts, ffom below; c. flower in side view; d. sepal, ffom below; e. petal and stamen, ffom above; f. anther, from above and below, respectively. g-k. C. venecianus Leme & L. Kollmann - g. leaf, adaxial view. h. flower and floral bracts, in side view; i. floral bracts, from below; j. sepal, ffom below; k. petal and stamen, from above. 1-p. C. viridovinosns Leme - 1. leaf, adaxial view; m. inflorescence with flower and floral bracts, in side view; n. floral bracts, ffom below; o. sepal, ffom below; p. petal and stamen, ffom above. (a-f Kollmann 10089; g-k Kollmann 11825 ; 1-p Linhares 678).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
-SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
New species in Bromeliaceae
bearing a thicker central zone, flat or nearly so, green to reddish, abaxially densely white lepidote with trichomes completely obscuring leaf color, adaxially glabrous and opaque, margins slightly it at all undulate, entire except for the laxly to densely spinulose apex (holotype) to laxly to densely spinulose throughout ( Kollmann 8240), spines triangular, antrorse-uncinate, 0.3-0.5 mm long, 2—12 mm apart, apex long acuminate-caudate. Inflorescence ca. 3 cm long, ca. 2 cm in diameter, sessile, bipinnate at base and bearing a simple, upper- central head of densely arranged flowers; primary bracts foliaceous; fascicles 3 to 4 in number, inconspicuous, ca. 2-flowered; floral bracts sublinear- lanceolate to narrowly triangular, acuminate, carinate, 14-17 x 3-7 mm, membranaceous, hyaline, densely and coarsely lepidote toward the apex, spinulose to subentire, slightly exceeding the ovary to equaling 1/3 of sepals length. Flowers 32^10 mm long (with extended petals), sessile, odorless; sepals 14-15 mm long, connate for 7-9 mm, greenish-hyaline to reddish except for the hyaline margins, coarsely white lepidote toward the apex, lobes narrrowly ovate, long acuminate and ending in a slender apiculus, ca. 6 x 2-2.5 mm, symmetrical, carinate, margins densely spinulose; petals sublinear-subsphatulate, apex subacute to obtuse and emarginate and cucullate, 24-30 x 4-5 mm, white except for the greenish apex, slightly exceeding the stamens but suberect-recurved at anthesis and exposing them, connate at base for ca. 2 mm, bearing 2 inconspicuous callosities at the base of the free blades; filaments 1 8-19 mm long, the antesepalous adnate to the petals tube, the antepetalous adnate to the petals for ca. 6 mm; anthers 1 .8-2.5 mm long, fixed near the base, base distinctly sagittate, apex obtuse, laterally complanate; stigma conduplicate, suberect, white, lobes with margins crenulate and inconspicuously papillose; ovary subclavate, 8-10x4-5 mm, trigonous, greenish-white, glabrous; epigynous tube lacking; placentation apical; ovules few, obtuse. Fruits unknown.
Material examined: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Santa Teresa, Distrito Vinte e Cinco de Julho, Bela Vista, VIII. 2005, fl., L Kollmann et ai 8240 (MB ML, RB!).
According to the data provided by Ramírez (1996) in her revision of the genus Cryptanthus, this new species is closely related to C. beuckeri, differing from it by the leaves with broaderpetioles (0.8-1. 8 cm vs. 0.5-1 cm wide) which are gradually broader towaid the apex and are not sharply contrasting with the blades (vs. abruptly contrasting with the much broader blades), petioles margins with longer
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 )'. 02 1 -067. 2010
31
more pronounced spines (spines 1 .5-2 mm vs. ca. 1 mm long), leaf blades narrower ( 1 .5-4.5 cm vs. 5-6 cm wide), and by the narrower, ovate-lanceolate and long acuminate sepals (vs. lanceolate), which are coarsely white lepidote toward the apex (vs. glabrescent) . Cryptanthus capitellatus is a member of subgenus Cryptanthus due to the co-occurence of male and perfect flowers with narrow petals.
The living paratype descendant (cult. E. Leme 6701) is cultivated in the collection of the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
Cryptanthus capitellatus was found growing as aterrestrial species in shaded sites of semideciduous Atlantic Forest. The individuais grow scattered on the forest floor, forming a sparsely distributed population in the county of Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo State.
The population where the holotype was collected is characterized by more delicate individuais with leaf blades partially entire, while the paratype population contains more robust and spiny individuais, despite the floral details are identical.
The name of this new species refers to the inflorescence with a simple, upper-central small head of densely arranged flowers.
Cryptanthus venecianus Leme & L. Kollmann, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Nova Venécia, Serra de Baixo, APA da Pedra do Elefante, 18°47’0rS,40°26’8rW, 578 melev, 29.IV.2008, L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana & P.H. Labiak 11825, fl. cult. IX. 2009 (holotype RB!; isotypes MBML!, CEPEC!). Figs. 3 g-k, 4 a-b
Species nova a Cryptanthus reptans Leme & J.S. Siqueira, cui affinis, laminis folio rum brevioribus, sepalis late ovatis, latioribus, distincte albolepidotis, apicem versus suberectis, petalis majoribus, callis inconspicuis differt.
Plantterrestrial, caulescent, stem 8-13 cm long, erect, propagating by axillary shoots developed near the base of the inflorescence. Leaves 14 to 18, spreading-recurved before the anthesis and afterwards, subdensely to densely and subequally disposed along the stem; sheaths inconspicuous, subreniform, ca. 0.8 x 1.8 cm, pale, densely and coarsely white- lepidote and distinctly rugose abaxially, adaxially nerved and glabrous or nearly so, apical margins densely spinulose, spines ca. 0.5 mm long, antrorse; blades sublinear-lanceolate, apex acuminate-caudate, 5.5-10 x 1 .7-2 cm, slightly narrowed toward the base, coriaceous, without any thicker central zone, green, flat or nearly so, nerved an densely and coarsely
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
32
Leme, E.M.C. et ai
Figu re 4 - Habit and detail of inflorescence and flowers - a-b. CrypUmthus venecianus Leme & L. Kollmann. c-d. C. viridovinosus Leme. e-f. Dydda espiritosantensis Leme & AJP. Fontana, g-h. D. nana Leme & O.B.C. Ribeiro, (photos: E. Leme).
Rodriguésia 61(1):021-067.2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
New species in Bromeliaceae
33
white-lepidote abaxially, trichomes obscuring leaf color and contrasting with the adaxial surface, adaxially glabrous except for the inconspicuously white lepidote base, dark green, margins slightly undulate, densely spinulose, spines straight to slightly antrorse, reddish-castaneous toward the apex, 1-1 .5 mm long, 1—3 mm apart. Inflorescence ca. 2.5 cm long, ca. 1 .5 cm in diameter, sessile, few-flowered; primary bracts foliaceous; fascicles ca. 4, the basal ones ca. 20 x 10 mm (excluding the petals), 2-flowered; floral bracts triangular, acuminate, 1 3-14 x7-8 mm, green toward the apex, hyaline toward the base, sparsely and coarsely white lepidote near the apex, equaling the middle of the sepals, strongly carinate, margins entire to subentire. Flowers ca. 35 mm long (with extended petals), sessile, slightly if at all ffagrant, those of the upper central part of the inflorescence staminate, the other perfect; sepals ca. 13 mm long, connate for ca. 6.5 mm, hyaline near the base, subdensely white lepidote toward the apex with fimbriate trichomes, lobes suberect at anthesis, broadly ovate, ca. 6.5 X 4 mm, symmetrical, obtusely if at all carinate, margins shortly and irregularly scalloped, apex acuminate, subulate; petals sublinear, apex subacute, slightly cucullate, suberect to suberect-recurved, 28-29 x4.5- 5 mm, white toward the base, green at apex, exceeding the stamens but suberect to recurved at anthesis and exposing them, connate for ca. 5 mm, bearing inconspicuous callosities near the base; filaments ca. 22 mm long, terete, white, the antesepalous adnate to the petals tube and free above it, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 10 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 2.5 mm long, fixed at the middle, base obtusely sagittate, apex obtuse; pollen subglobose, sulcate, sulcus large, exine reticulate, lumina irregularly polygonal; stigmaconduplicate, suberect, notspiraled, lobes green, with irregularly scalloped and undulate margins; ovary ca. 6 x 3 mm, obovate, subtrigonous, greenish, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote; epigynous tube lacking; placentation apical; ovules few, subglobose, obtuse. Fruits unknown.
Cryptanthus venecianus is closely related to C. reptans, mainly considering its caulescent habit and leaf conformation. However, this new species differs by the shorter leaf blades (5.5-10 cm vs. 13- 17 cm long), broadly ovate sepals (vs. narrowly ovate), which are broader (ca. 4 mm vs. 2-3 mm wide) and distinctly white lepidote (vs. glabrous), with suberect projected apex (vs. erect), and by the larger petals (28—29 x4.5— 5 mm vs. 21—25 x 2—3 mm), bearing inconspicuous callosities (vs. bearing suberect acicular callosities).
The living holotype descendam (cult. E. Leme 7743) is cultivated in the collection of the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
This new species was discovered growing terrestrially in shaded sites covered by Semidecidual Tropical Forest, around the inselberg known as Pedra do Elefante, in the county of Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo State. On the higher parts of the inselberg, where grass-like vegetation predominates, as well as bare granitic outcrops, huge populations of a underscribed Alcantarea species, as well as a large sized Dyckia sp. andPitcaimia sp. can be observed. On the steep rock surfaces, Vrieseaaff. appariciana E. Pereira & Reitz is predominate.
The name chosen for Cryptanthus venecianus is a reference to the county of Nova Venécia, where this new species was found.
Cryptanthus viridovinosus Leme, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. BAHIA: Alagoinhas, near Icatu, ca. 80 m elev., IX. 2000, fl., S. Linhares & R. Alves 678 (holotype HB !). Figs. 3 1-p, 4 c-d
Species nova a Cryptanthus grazielae H. Luther, cui affinis, laminis foliorum supra opacis, prope basin vinosis, sepalis oblongo-ellipticis acutisque vel fere, distincte angustioribus differt.
Plant terrestrial, stemless, propagating by stolons ca. 1 2 cm long, ca. 0.6 cm in diameter. Leaves 8 to 10, spreading-recurved at anthesis, laxly disposed and forming an open subrounded rosette; sheaths inconspicuous, greenish, densely white- lepidote and distinctly rugose mainly toward the apex, entire or nearly so; blades lanceolate, apex long acuminate, 23-28 x 3.5-5 cm, distinctly narrowed toward the base but not petiolate, coriaceous, bearing a slightly thicker central zone, apple green except for the wine color at base and along the basal margins, flat or nearly so, densely and coarsely white lepidote abaxially, trichomes not completely obscuring leaf color, adaxially glabrous and opaque except for the densely white-lepidote base, nerved mainly near the margins, margins undulate, densely spinulose, spines triangular, nearly straight to antrorse- uncinate, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-2 mm apart. Inflorescence ca. 3 cm long, ca. 3 cm in diameter, sessile; primary bracts foliaceous; fascicles ca. 7, the basal ones ca. 25 mm x 18 mm (excluding the petals), 3-flowered; floral bracts castaneous-hyaline, lustrous, sparsely and coarsely brown-lepidote near the apex, nerved, slightly exceeding the ovary and to equaling the sepals length, margins entire, the ones of the fascicles sublinear-lanceolate, subacute to obtuse, strongly
Rodriguésia 61(1)1 021-067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13
cm ..
34
carinate, 17-20 x 6-7 mm. Flowers ca. 40 mm long (witli extended petals), sessile, odorless, those of the upper central part of the inflorescence and inner part of the fascicles staminate, those of the outer part of the fascicles perfect; sepals 12-13 mm long, connate for 6-7 mm, whitish toward the base, lobes oblong- elliptic, acute to subacute and apiculate, sparsely and coarsely brown-lepidote, white toward the base and castaneous toward the apex but soon stramineous, ca. 6 x 2.5-3 mm, symmetrical, carinate, margins entire; petals sublinear-subspatulate, apex acute to subobtuse, apiculate, 30-33 x 3.5—4 mm, white except for the greenish apex, slightly exceeding the stamens but suberect at anthesis and exposing them, connate at base for ca 1 7 mm, bearing 2 conspicuous callosities at the base of the free blades; filaments ca. 27 mm long, complanate, equally adnate to the petals tube; anthers ca. 3.5 mm long in the staminate flowers to ca. 6 mm long in the perfect flowers, fixed at 1/3 of its length above the base in staminate flowers or slightly below the middle in the perfect flowers, base sagittate, apex obtuse and inconspicuously apiculate; stigma conduplicate, suberect-recurved, slightly exceeding the anthers, lobes with margins scalloped-glandulose and undulate; ovary subclavate, 10-1 1 X ca. 6 mm, trigonous, white, glabrous; epigynous tube lacking; placentation apical; ovules few, obtuse, obovoid. Fruits unknown.
Cryptanthus viridovinosus presents some morphological affinities with C. grazielae, an endemic species from the Coastal area of Espírito Santo State, near the city of Vitória (Luther 1998). However, this new species differs from it by the adaxially opaque leaf blades (vs. distinctly lustrous), which are wine colored near the base and apple green toward the apex (vs. green throughout), and by the oblong-elliptic, acute or nearly so sepals (vs. elliptic to oblanceolate and broadly rounded), which are distinctly narrower (2.5-3 mm vs. 4-5 mm wide).
On the other hand, this new taxon is morphologically similar to the complex of species living north of São Francisco River, like Cryptanthus dianae Leme, which has narrower leaves, longer flowers, longer and broader sepals, to mention few distinctive characters.
This new species was discovered growing terrestrially on sandy soil partially shaded, which is a forest to shruby semideciduous vegetation in the transition between Atlantic Forest and “Caatinga” biomes, about 70 km from the ocean. The habitat of Cryptanthus viridovinosus is severely affected by sand extraction that completely destroy the vegetation.
Leme, E.M.C. et ai.
The striking color contrast of the leaves of Cryptanthus viridovinosus, with the basal portion wine colored and apical portion apple green colored inspired the name of this new species.
Dyckia Schult. & Schult. f.
The genus Dyckia has 1 36 species (Luther 2008), including recently described species (Braun & Pereira 2008; Braun et aL 2008a; 2008b; Leme & Miranda 2009), and grows in all regions of Brazil, especially in the Northeast, Midwest and South, and in neighboring Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia. The species are generally characterized by coriaceous, often succulent, leaves, whose rosettes do not form a tank nor do they impound water. The lateral floral scape allows lhe plant to grow continuously, with multiple and continuous flowering period. The racemose inflorescence is simple or branched, with sessile to pedicellate flowers, the sepals are clearly diflerent from the petals, and these are connate at the base, forming a tube together with the filaments.
Dyckia espiritosantensis Leme & A.P. Fontana, sp. nov. Type; Brazil, Espírito Santo, São Roque do Canaã, Alto Misterioso, morro em frente a Pedra dos Três Carneiros, 19°44.62’S,40°44.75’W, 196 m elev., 30 Sept. 2006, E. Leme, L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana & M. Zanoni 6930 (holotype RB!; isotypes MBMLI, VIC!). Figs. 4 e-f, 5 a-g
Species nova a Dyckia mello-barretoi L.B. Sm., cui afjinis, laminis foliorum marginibus spinis brevioribus, pedunculo subdense lepidoto, inflorescentia simplex, rhachidi subdense et pallide ferrugineo lepidota et sepalis brevioribus differt.
Plant rupiculous, flowering ca. 105 cm high, propagating by short basal shoots. Leaves ca. 25, densely rosulate, strongly coriaceous, slightly succulent, nearly subulate at the apex; sheaths suborbicular, ca. 2.5 x 3 cm, whitish toward the base, glabrous or nearly so; blades narrowly triangular, flat, suberect, 20-23 cm long, 1 .5—1.7 cm wide at base, 3^4 mm thick near the base, green to reddish, opaque, finely nerved abaxially and densely white-lepidote with trichomes arranged along the midnerves and not at all obscuring the leaf-color, adaxially subdensely white-lepidote with trichomes inconspicuously arranged along the midnerves, abaxial and abaxial surfaces slightly if at all contrasting in color, apex acuminate, nearly subulate, terminating in a pungent spine, margins white-lepidote, laxly spinose, spines 2-3 mm long, 1. 5-2.5 mm wide at
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14
New species in Bromeliaceae
35
Figure 5- a-g. Dyckia espiritosantemis Leme & A.P. Fontana - a. leaf, adaxial view; b. flower and floral bracts, in side view; c. variation of floral bracts, ffom below, respectively; d. sepal, ffom below; e. petal and stamen, ffom above; f. anther, ffom above; g. pistil, in side view. h-n. D. nana Leme & O.B.C. Ribeiro - h. leaf, adaxial view; i. flower and floral bracts, in side view; j. floral bracts, ffom below; k. sepal, ffom above; 1. margin of the sepal, in detail; m. petal and stamen, ffom above; n. pistil, in side view. (a-g Leme 6930; h-n Leme 7484).
Rodriguésia 61(1)1021-067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
36
base, 8-20 mm apart, triangular, complanate, subdensely white-lepidote, pale colored, prevailing antrorse-uncinate. Peduncle lateral, erect, ca. 50 cm long, 0.5-0.7 cm in diameter, subdensely white- lepidote, trichomes with lacerate-fimbriate margins, to glabrous, greenish to bronze colored; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, the other ones stramineous at anthesis, nerved, subdensely white- lepidote, erect, narrowly triangular, acuminate, 10- 20 x 4-6 mm, inconspicuously denticulate to subentire, distinctly shorter than the internodes; inflorescence erect, simple, ca. 37 cm long, rachis 3- 5 mm in diameter, nearly straight, terete, pale orange, subdensely pale ferrugineous-lepidote, trichomes lacerate-fimbriate, to glabrescent; floral bracts distinctly nerved, stramineous at anthesis, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, the basal ones narrowly subtriangular-ovate, acuminate, slightly shorter than the sepals, bearing a protruded central nerve and appearing carinate, densely pale ferrugineous- lepidote, trichomes lacerate-fimbriate, margins remotely denticulate to entire, 7-10 x 4-5 mm, the upper ones broadly ovate to suborbicular, acuminate, slightly exceeding the pedicels, ca. 4 x 3 mm. Flowers ca. 45, laxly to subdensely arranged, ca. 15 mm long, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, odorless, the upper ones subverticilate, pedicels inconspicuous, orange, densely pale ferrugineous-lepidote with lacerate- fimbriate trichomes, 2.5-3 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter at apex; sepals broadly ovate, apex rounded, ecarinate, convex, 5-6 x ca. 5 mm, orange, densely pale ferrugineous-lepidote with lacerate-fimbriate trichomes, margins entire; petals symmetric, obovate- spathulate, apex obtuse-emarginate, connate at base for ca. 1 mm in a common tube with the filaments, ca. 1 1 x 7.5 mm, ecarinate, orange, margins entire, glabrous or nearly so, erect to suberect at anthesis and forming a narrowly campanulate corolla ca. 7 mm in diameter. Stamens slightly shorter than the petals; filaments complanate, connate for ca. 1 mm in a common tube with the petals, ca. 8 x 1 .5 mm, pale orange toward the apex; anthers narrowly subtriangular, ca. 2.5 mm long, straight at anthesis, base truncate, apex acute, fixed near the base; pistil ca. 9 mm long, about equaling the anthers; stigma conduplicate-spiral, blades ca. 1 mm long, orange, margins minutely crenulate; style 1-1.5 mm long; ovary narrowly suboblong, ca. 6.5 mm long, pale yellow. Capsules unknown.
Dyckia espiritosantensis is clearly morphologically related to the species of Minas Gerais State. Its closest relative is D. mello-barretoi.
Leme, E.M.C. et ai.
but the new species differs by the leaf blades with smaller marginal spines (2-3 mm vs. ca. 4 mm long), subdensely lepidote peduncle (vs. inconspicuously lepidote peduncle), simple inflorescence (vs. inflorescence subsimple to compound), with subdensely and pale ferrugineous-lepidote rachis (vs. rachis soon glabrous), and by the shorter sepals (5-6 mm vs. ca. 8 mm long).
On the other hand, Dyckia espiritosantensis is somewhat similar to D. martinelli B.R. Silva & Forzza, which was recently discovered in the south region of Rio de Janeiro State (Forzza & Silva 2004). However, this new species differs from it by the narrower leaf blades (1.5— 1.7 cm vs. 2.2-2.6 cm wide), upper peduncle bracts distinctly shorter than the internodes (vs. equaling to exceeding the intemodes), inflorescence with rachis densely pale ferrugineous lepidote (vs. white lepidote), sepals densely and pale ferrugineous white lepidote (vs. white lepidote) and by the filaments free above the common tube with the petals (vs. connate for ca.
1 .5 mm above the common tube with the petals).
This species grows terrestrially on shallow soils at the higher parts of low elevated hills (ca. 200 m), in the county of São Roque do Canaã. It forms median to large clumbs in the herbaceous or subshruby vegetation, under full sun exposure.
The name of Dyckia espiritosantensis is an explicit reference to the State where it was discovered.
Dyckia nana Leme & O.B.C. Ribeiro, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS; Diamantina, Road Diamantina to Conselheiro Mata, ca. 1 0 km from Conselheiro Mata, 18°18.50’S,43°53.43”W, 1288 m elev., 25.VI.2008, fl„ E. Leme, C.C. Paula, T. Coser, R. Moura & O.B.C. Ribeiro 7484 (holotype RB!; isotype HB !). Figs. 4 g-f, 5 h-n
Species nova a Dyckia consimilis Mez, cui qffinis, laminis foliorum latioribus utrinque dense albolepidotis, marginibus spinis brevioribus, floribus longioribus, et filamensis breviter connatis differt; a Dyckia macedoi L.B. Sm., cui affinisjoliis per anthesim suberectis vel fere erectis (ví. suberect-recurved ), laminis foliorum brevioribus utrinque dense albolepidotis, distincte nervatis, floribus per anthesim unilateraliter curvatis, stilo conspícuo ca. 1 mm longo differt.
Plant terrestrial in stony soil, flowering 19-29 cm high. Leaves 8 to 10, densely arranged, coriaceous; sheaths broader than the blades, ca.
2.5 x 3 cm, dark castaneous and glabrous toward the base abaxially, pale colored adaxially, densely
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
6
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm
New species in Bromeliaceae
white lepidote near the apex on both sides, the older ones forming a globose base, 2.5—3 x 2.5- 3.5 cm; blades narrowly triangular, distinctly canaliculate, suberect to nearly erect and slightly unilaterally secund, 3-5 x 1.2-1. 4 cm, green but the color obscured by the dense layer of coarse white trichomes on both sides, opaque, distinctly nerved, apex acuminate and terminating in a pungent spine, margins laxly spinulose, spines 0.5—1 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide at base, 4— 10 mm apart, subtriangular-acicular, spreading to slightly antrorse, castaneous near the apex, glabrous. Peduncle lateral, erect, 15—20 x 0.15—0.2 cm in diameter, glabrous, smooth, green; peduncle bracts erect, stramineous, nerved, bearing a central protruded nerve and appearing carinate toward the apex, sparsely white-lepidote, 5-1 1 x 3—3.5 mm, with a broadly subtriangular base and a long lanceolate- acuminate-caudate blade, margins microscopically denticulate to nearly entire, distinctly shorter than the intemodes. Inflorescence erect, 2.5—5 cm long, glabrous, subdensely to laxly flowered, rachis nearly straight, terete, smooth, greenish to orange- yellow, glabrous, 1—1.5 mm in diameter; floral bracts broadly ovate-subtriangular, acuminate- caudate, bearing a central protruded nerve and appearing carinate toward the apex, finely nerved, stramineous toward the apex, 4-4.5 x 3.5-4 mm, subspreading to suberect, equaling to slightly exceeding the pedicels, margins bearing fimbriate trichomes, remotely and irregularly denticulate to entire. Flowers 4 to 6, 1 2-1 3 mm long with extended petals, spreading and unilaterally secund before anthesis and afferwards, subdensely to laxly arranged, 6-15 mm apart, odorless, pedicels conspicuous, slender, terete, glabrous, yellow-orange, 3.5-5 x 2-2.5 mm, curved; sepals symmetric, broadly ovate, convex, apex obtuse and remotely and irregularly apiculate, ecarinate, 4-5.5 x 3.5 — 4 mm, orange, glabrous except for the retrorsely curved, long fimbriate trichomes along the margins; petals symmetric, broadly obcordate or nearly so from a distinctly narrowed base, apex broadly emmarginate, connate at base for ca. 1.5 mm in a common tube with the filaments, ca. 7.5 x 6.5—7 mm, ecarinate, orange, erect except for the slightly recurved apex at anthesis and forming a subtubular to slightly campanulate corolla 4—5 mm in diameter. Stamens distinctly shorter than the petals and not exposed; filaments complanate, yellow, connate at base for ca. 1 .5 mm in a common tube with the filaments, ca. 1.5 mm wide at base; anthers oblong-
37
ovate, ca. 2.5 mm long, base sagittate, apex acute, yellow on both sides, fixed near the base, straight or nearly so; pistil ca. 4.7 mm long; stigma conduplicate-spiral, blades shortly crenulate- lacerate, yellow; style ca. 1 mm long, distinct, yellow; ovary suboblong-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, yellow. Capsules unknown.
Dyckia nana is one of the smaller species the genus, yet proportionally robust. It is closely related to D. consimilis , differing by the broader leaf blades (1.2-1. 4 cm vs. ca. 0.7 cm wide), which is densely white lepidote on both sides (vs. glabrous adaxially), bearing smaller marginal spines (0.5-1 mm vs. ca. 3 mm long), longer flowers (12-13 mm vs. ca. 8 mm long), and by the filaments free above the short common tube with the petals (vs. highly connate above the common tube with the petals). On the other hand, D. nana can be related to D. macedoi. The main differences of the new species are: leaves suberect to nearly erect at anthesis (vs. suberect- recurved at anthesis), leaf blades shorter (3-5 cm vs. 6-8 cm long) and densely white lepidote on both sides (vs. adaxially glabrescent), distinctly nerved (vs. longitudinal nerves inconspicuous), unilaterally secund flowers at anthesis (vs. flowers not secund at anthesis), and by the distinct style separating the ovary from the stigma ca. 1 mm long, (vs. stigma subsessile).
Dyckia nana grows terrestrially on white quartzite soil, amidst the grass-like vegetation of the Campos Rupestres, at elevation ca. 1,200 m. The individuais are sparsely and irregularly distributed in the collected site, growing under direct sunlight, where isolated specimens of Vriesea diamantinensis Leme were observed.
The name of Dyckia nana recalls the uncommon miniature size of its vegetative parts.
Hohenbergia Schult. & Schult. f.
The genus Hohenbergia has 57 recognized species (Luther 2008; Leme & Kollmann 2009) organized in two subgenera. The subgenus Hohenbergia includes 36 species and four varieties, mostly bearing apiculate to caudate ovules and yellow, green to lilac-blue petals. Except for H. stellata Schult. & Schult. f., the subgenus Hohenbergia is endemic to Brazil, with a major center of distribution in Northeastem Brazil, mainly in the State of Bahia. The subgenus Wittrnackiopsis Mez holds the remaining taxa, occurring in the region of Greater Antilles, and consists of species with obtuse ovules and white petals.
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
38
Hohenbergia aechmeoides Leme, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. PARAÍBA: near João Pessoa, III. 1998, R. Menescal s.n. , fl. cult. (holotype RB 4958 10!; isotype HB!). Figs. 6 a-h, 7 a-b
Species nova a Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez, affinis, bracteis floriferis majoribus glabrisque, apice spina longiore, floribus duplo longioribus vel fere, sepalis et petalis longioribus differt.
Plant terrestrial, flowering 160-170 cm tall. Leaves ca. 15, coriaceous, forming a crateriform rosette; sheaths ovate, 20-23 x 14-15 cm, densely brown lepidote on both sides, winish-castaneous toward the base, entire; blades linear, suberect, 70-85 x 7-8 cm, densely white-lepidote abaxially with trichomes not at all obscuring the color of the blades, inconspicuously and sparsely white- lepidote adaxially, yellowish-green and dark purplish-wine colored mainly near the apex, apex acuminate, dark blackish-wine, ending in a long pliable point, margins subdensely to laxly spinose, spines 0.5-2 x 0.5-1 mm, narrowly triangular, dark castaneous, straight or nearly so, 6-20 mm apart. Peduncle erect, stout, ca. 57 cm long, 1.2-1. 3 cm in diameter, reddish, subdensely white lanate but soon glabrous; peduncle bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, erect, 10-12 x ca. 3 cm, about equaling the internodes, stramineous, nerved, glabrescent, the basal ones subdensely spinulose near the apex, the upper ones entire; inflorescence narrowly pyramidal, 4-pinnate, ca. 82 cm long, ca. 27-35 cm in diameter at base, erect, rachis 0.6-1 cm in diameter, straight or nearly so, red, white lanate but soon glabrous; primary bracts resembling the upper scape-bracts, spreading, the basal ones shorter than the fascicles, the upper ones about equaling the fascicles; primary fascicles 30-35, subspreading or slightly suberect, the basal ones 15-20 cm long, distinctly stipitate, stipes 2-3 x 0.6-0.8 cm, slightly complate, red, glabrous, bearing 7 to 12 shortely stipitate to sessile secondary fascicles laxly arranged near the base and subdensely arranged near the apex, the basal primary fascicles laxly arranged, 8-1 1 cm apart, the upper ones subdensely arranged, 0.5-4 cm apart, resembling the upper secondary fascicles, 3-5 cm long (excluding the petals); secondary bracts narrowly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, acuminate-caudate, soon drying, 2.3- 3.7 x 10-11 cm, shorter than the secondary fascicles, papyraceous, distinctly nerved, ecarinate to carinate due to a protruded central nerve, glabrous, suberect with the secondary
Leme, E.M.C. et ai
branches; secondary fascicles the basal ones subpyramidal, shortly stipitate to subsessile, 3.5- 4.5 x 2.5-3 cm, bearing at base 1 to 2 tertiary branches, the upper ones narrowly ellipsoid to subcylindrical, subsessile, 3-3.5 x 1.5-1. 7 cm (not including the petals), bearing 5 to 8 flowers densely arranged; tertiary bracts resembling the basal floral bracts but longer and narrower, shorter than the fascicles; tertiary fascicles resembling the upper secondary fascicles but smaller, bearing 3 to 5 flowers densely arranged; floral bracts suborbicular, acute with a long spinescent apex, suberect, slightly shorter to equaling the sepals, 15-18 xca. 16 mm, including the 5-7 mm long apical spines, yellowish-green, glabrous, lustrous, distinctly nerved, appearing carinate toward the apex due to a central protruded nerve, entire, strongly convex, thinly coriaceous. Flowers 26- 30 mm long, sessile, densely and polystichously arranged, suberect, slightly fragrant; sepals distinctly distinctly asymmetric with the lateral membranous wing distinctly exceeding the midnerve, 9-10 x 7-7.5 mm, connate at base for ca. 1 mm, glabrous, yellowish-green, ecarinate; petals spathulate, apex obtuse and inconspicuously apiculate, suberect at anthesis, 19-21 x ca. 7.5 mm, free, lilac-purple, bearing 2 conspicuous appendage-like callosities with irregular digitate-caudate blades along their ca. 8 mm length. Stamens included; filaments complanate and dilated toward the apex, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 8 mm, the antesepalous free; anthers sublinear, base obtuse-sagittate, apex obtusely apiculate, dorsifixed slightly below the middle; pollen subglobose, biporate to triporate, exine irregularly and sparsely perforate; stigma conduplicate-spiral, ellipsoid-capitate, white, margins crenulate-lacerate and papillose; ovary broadly ellipsoid, terete, 6-7 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter, green, glabrous; placentation apical; ovules long caudate; epigynous tube ca. 2 mm long. Fruits unknown.
This new species does not present a close morphological affmity with any known Hohenbergia species, due to the general aspect of its inflorescence with fewer and larger flowers per secondary and terciary branches. This unusual aspect produces an intermediate appearance between Hohenbergia and some complex of species of Aeclvnea subgen. Aechmecu mainly A. ramosa Mart. exSchult. & Schult. f. and A floribunda Mart. e.rSchult. & Schult. f. However, the flowers being in more or less cylindrical fascicles,
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
New species in Bromeliaceae
Figure 6 - a-h. Hohenbergia aechmeoides Leme - a. leaf apex, adaxial view; b. margin of the leaf in the basal portion; c. variation of secondary bracts, from above; d. secondary fascicles, in side view; e. floral bracts, frombelow; f. flower in side view; g. sepal, from below; h. petal and stamen, lfom above. i-o. H. arcuata Leme & M. Machado - i. apical segment of the leaf, adaxial view; j . margin of the leaf in the basal portion; k. primari bract, from below; 1. flower in side view; m. floral bracts, from below; n. sepal, frombelow; o. petal and stamen, from above. p-v. H. barbarespinaheme & Fraga -p. leaf apex, adaxial view; q. margin of the leaf in the basal portion; r. variation of secondary bracts, from above; s. flower in side view; t. sepal, from below; u. sepal, from above; v. petal and stamen, from above. w-cc. H. reconcavensis Leme & Fraga— w. leaf apex, adaxial view; x. margin of the leaf in the basal portion; y. primaiy branches and bracts, from side view; z. secondary branches and floral bracts, from side view; aa. upper floral bracts, from below; bb. basal floral bracts, from below; cc. flower in side view. (a-h Menescal s.n. (RB 495810); i-o Machado s.n. (RB 495806); p-v Leme 4363 ; w-cc Linhares 936).
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm l
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
Figure 7 - Habit and detail of the inflorescence and flowers - a-b. Hohenbergia aechmeoides Leme. c-d. H. arcuata Leme & M. Machado, e-f. H. barbarespina Leme & Fraga. g-h. H. reconcavensis Leme & Fraga (photos: E. Leme).
New species in Bromeliaceae
41
the appendage-like petals callosities, and mainly its biporate to triporate pollen, with irregularly and sparsely perforate exine, allow the inclusion of this new species in the genus Hohenbergia.
The new species does have some morphological affmities with Hohenbergia ridleyi, which grows in Paraíba and Pernambuco States. The differences of H. aechmeaoides are: larger floral bracts( 15— 18xca. 16mm vs. 10-12 x 12-15 mm), which are glabrous (vs. lanate) and present a longer apical spine (5-7 mm vs. 2-3 mm long), flower twice longer or so (26-30 mm vs. ca. 15 mm long), longer sepals (9-10 mm vs. 4-5 mm long) and by the longer petals (19-21 mmvs.ca. 12mm).
The living holotype descendant (cult. E. Leme 4205) is cultivated in the collection of the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
This new species is a typical terrestrial encountered in the Coastal plain vegetation (“Restinga”), where it forms large clumps, in the neigbourhood of João Pessoa, Paraíba State.
The name chosen for this new species to call the attention to its intermediate floral structure when compared to typical Hohenbergia and some members of the genus Aechmea.
Hohenbergia arcuata Leme & M. Machado, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. BAHIA: Chapada Diamantina, Morro do Chapéu, ca. 1,5 km na estr. BA 051, a leste da cidade, 11°33’33”S, 41°08’55”W, 1015 m elev., X 11.2003, M. Machado s.n., fl. cult. VHI.2009 (holotype RB 495806!). Figs. 6 i-o, 7 c-d
Species nova a Hohenbergia hórrida Harms, cui affinis, laminis foliorum apicem versus angustioribus, prope basin marginibus spinis dense dispositis, inflorescentia prope basin tripinnata, ramis primariis brevioribus, sepalis brevioribus apice inconspicue mucronulatis et ovulis obtusis differt.
Plant saxicolous, flowering ca. 90 cm tall. Leaves 25-30, thick and coriaceous, with sheaths forming at base an ovoidal bottle-like rosette; sheaths ovate, ca. 20 x 9 cm, densely brown-lepidote on both sides, castaneous toward the base, reddish-wine toward the apex to pale colors; blades sublinear, not narrowed at base, 40-56 x 2-3 cm, greenish to bronze colored, arcuate, strongly U-shaped canaliculate, abaxially subdensely white-lepidote with trichomes arranged in rows along the intercostal area, distinctly nerved, adaxially subdensely and inconspicuously white- lepidote to glabrescent, apex narrowly acuminate and ending in a nearly subulate pungent point, the outer ones reduced in size, margins densely to subdensely
spinose atbase, spines narrowly triangular, antrorsely uncinate, blackish, 3-5 x2-3 mm, 3-10 mm apart, the upper ones laxly arranged, antrorsely to retrorsely uncinate, blackish toward the apex, 1 .5-3 x 1-2 mm, 15-20 mm apart. Peduncle erect, stout, ca. 50 cm long, 0.7-0.9 cm in diameter, red, densely white lanate, glabrescent; peduncle bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 6.5-7 x ca. 2 cm, stramineous, papyraceous, distinctly nerved, the basal ones minutely spinulose at apex, the upper ones entire, erect, slightly shorter to nearly equaling the intemodes, not completely covering the scape, white-lanate mainly at base but soon glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence narrowly paniculate, cylindrical, tripinnate, ca 24 cm long, 6-7 cm in diameter at base, erect, rachis ca. 0.7 cm in diameter, straight, densely white-lanate, red; primary bracts resembling the upper scape-bracts, lanceolate, acuminate, entire, stramineous, sparsely white-sublanate, suberect, shorter (the upper ones) to exceeding (the basal ones) the branches, 3-6 x 1-1.7 cm; primary branches suberect, 4-4.5 cm long at middle anthesis, sessile or nearly so, the basal to median ones sparsely arranged, bearing at base 1 to 3 sessile secondary branches densely aggregated, the apical ones densely arranged and resembling the secondary branches; secondary bracts resembling the floral bracts but larger, with a broadly ovate to suborbicular base, 10-15 x 10-13 mm, and a long spinescent apex, 5-7 mm long, shorter than the branches, pale rose, distinctly nerved, entire, white-lanate but soon glabrous, bearing a protruded central nerve and appearing carinate; secondary branches suberect, sessile, ellipsoid-ovate (in early State) to subcylindrical, terete, acuminate, 2.5-3.5 x 1 -2—1 .4 cm, bearing 10 to 15 flowers; floral bracts subtriangular-orbicular to suborbicular, suberect toward the apex, exceeding the sepals, 16-20 x 10-15 mm (including the spinescent apex), thinly coriaceus, green toward the base and reddish near the apex, sparsely pale sublanate, distinctly nerved, entire, ecarinate, apex acute and long mucronate-spinescent, pungent, mucron 5-8 mm long. Flowers 20-21 mm long, sessile, densely and polystichously arranged, suberect, odorless; sepals strongly asymmetric with a subacute wing distinctly exceeding the midnerve, 7-8 x ca. 4 mm (with wing extended), bearing a completely adnate, inconspicuous mucron on the distal-abaxial portion, but appearing muticous, free or nearly so, densely pale-lanate mainly toward the apex, entire, green, ecarinate; petals subspatulate, apex subacute, ca. 15 x4 mm, free, lilac, suberect at anthesis, bearing at base 2 sublinear-spathulate appendages, ca. 5 x 1 mm, subentire to irregularly denticulate at the
Rodriguésia 6 1 { 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 lí
cm ..
42
apex. Stamcns included; filaments terete, pale green, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for 4—5 mm, the antesepalous ones free; anthers sublinear, ca. 4 mm long, base sagittate, apex acuminate, fixed slightly below the middle; ovary broadly obovate, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide at apex, densely pale- lanate, green, subtrigonous; placentation apical; ovules obtuse; epigynous inconspicuous; stigma conduplicate-spiral, ellipsoid, white, cxcecding the anthers. Fruits unknown.
According to the description provided by Leme & Siqueira Filho (2006), this new species is closcly related to Hohengergia hórrida. However, //. arcuata can be distinguished from it by the narrower leaf blades toward lhe apex, with the basal part bearing spines more densely arranged (spines 3-10 mm vs. 7-35 mm apart), tripinnatc inflorescence (vs. 4-pinnate at base), shorter primary branches (4-4.5 cm vs. 8-10 cm long), shorter sepals (7-8 mm vs. 9-1 1 mm) with an inconspicuous mucron at apex (vs. apical mucron 2.5-3.5 mm long), and by the obtuse ovules (vs. shortly caudate).
The living holotype descendant (cult. E. Leme 6095) is cultivated in the collection of the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
This new species is a typical inhabitant of the “Campos Rupestres” of Chapada Diamantina, where it is rupiculous in full exposed sites in the subshruby vegetation, forming small to médium groups of plants.
The strongly arcuate-recurved leaf blades of Hohenbergia arcuata inspired its name, on the basis of the Latin word arcuatus.
Hohenbergia barbarespina Leme & Fraga, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. BAHIA: Wenceslau Guimarães, road BA 889, between Cocão and Nova Esperança (Teolândia to Jaguaquara), ca. 500 m elev., 25.V11.1998, E. Leme & R. Alves 4363 (holotype RB !). Figs. 6 p-v, 7 e-f
Species nova a Hohenbergia stellata Schult. & Schult. f., cui affinis, laminis folioriim distincte angustioribus, apice acuminatis, marginisbus spinis longioribus denseque dispositis, inflorescentia breviora, sepalis angustioribus, petalis angustioribus acuminatisque differt.
Plant epiphytic, flowering ca. 55 cm tall. Leaves ca. 30, coriaceous, forming a funnelform rosette; shcaths elliptic to obovate, 8-9 x 5-6.5 cm, densely brown lcpidote on both sides, dark castaneous, coarsely and densely spinose at the apex; blades linear, suberect-arcuate. 45—48 x 2-3 cm, sparsely to
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
subdensely white-lepidote abaxially with trichomes arranged in longitudinal rows along lhe intercostal areas, inconspicuously and sparsely white-lepidote adaxially , green, apex acuminate and apiculate, margins densely and coarsely spinose at base with spines 2.5-4 x 1-1.5 mm, narrowly triangular, dark castaneous, straight to sometimes antrorse and more often retrorsely uncinate, 0.5-2 mm apart, toward the apex margins subdensely spinose, spines triangular, prcvailing retrorse-uncinate, 1-2 ca. x 1 mm, 4-7 mm apart. Peduncle erect, stout, ca. 35 cm long, 0.7-0.8 cm in diameter, green, densely white lanate; peduncle bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, erect, densely imbricate, 5 .5-8.5 x 1 .5-2 cm, distinclly exceeding the intemodcs, stramineous, nerved, sparsely white lanate to glabrescent, entire; inflorescence narrowly pyramidal to subcylindrical. tripinnate, ca. 10 cm long, ca. 7 cm in diameter at base, erect, rachis 0.6-O.7 cm in diameter, straight or nearly so, reddish, white lanate; primary bracts resembling the upper scape-bracts, spreading to slightly reflexed, the basal ones exceeding the fascicles, the upper ones about equaling the fascicles; primary fascicles ca. 6, spreading or nearly so, 3.5-4 x 2.5-3 .5 cm, sessile, with 2 to 4 sessile secondary fascicles densely arranged, the basal primary fascicles laxly arranged, 1 .5-2.5 cm apart, the upper ones densely aggregated at inflorescence apex and forming a subglobose head; secondary bracts resembling the floral bracts but slightly larger, ca. 2.8 x 2.2 cm, shorter than the secondary fascicles, coriaceous, distinctly carinate, reddish-rose, white- lanate, suberect toward the apex; secondary fascicles obovoid, pulvinate, sessile, 2.7-3 xca. 1 .5 cm, 4 to 6- flowered; floral bracts broadly ovate-subtriangular to suborbicular, acute with a long spinescent apex, suberect, about equaling to exceeding the sepals, 20- 25 x 12-19 mm, including the apical spines 6-8 mm long, rosc-red, white lanate, irregularly sulcate, entire, ecarinate (inner ones) to distinctly carinate (outer ones), strongly convex, coriaceous. Flowers 26-28 mm long, sessile, densely and polystichously arranged, suberect, odorless; sepals subelliptic-ovate, slightly asymmetric with the lateral meinbranous wing distinctly shorter than the midnerve, 15-16 X 4-5 mm, apex acuminate-mucronate, bearing a mucron ca. 1 .5 mm long, connate at base forca. 1 mm, white lanate, rose-red, the abaxial ones slightly exceeding the adaxial ones, alate-carinate with keels dccurrent on the ovary, the abaxial one ecarinate; petals narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate, apiculate-caudate, distinctly recurved at anthcsis, 16-19 x 2.5-3.5 mm, connate at base for 3-3.5 mm, purple, bearing 2 irregularly digitate
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
43
New species in Bromeliaceae
appendages 7— 9 mm above the base, ca. 1 x0.5mm. Stamens included; filaments slightly complanate, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 8 mm, the antesepalous ones adnate to the petals for 3—3.5 mm; anthers base obtuse, apex apiculate, apiculus nigrescent, dorsifixed at 1/3 oi its length above the base; pollen globose, triporate, exine psillate; stigma conduplicate-spiral, ellipsoid-capitate, white, margins crenulate-lacerate; ovary obconic, subtrigonous, ca.
8 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter, white, glabrous; placentation apical; ovules long caudate; epigynous tube inconspicuous, ca. 1 mm long. Fruits purple.
Hohenbergia barbarespina is morphologically related to H. stellata , differing from it by the distinctly narrower leaf blades (2-3 cm vs. 5.5-7.5 cm wide), with acuminate apex (vs. acute to subroundcd), and margins densely spinose basal spines proportionally longer (2.5-4 mm long and 0.5-2 mm apart vs. 1 .5- 3.5 mm long and 3-30 mm apart), smaller inflorescencc (ca. 1 0 x 7 cm vs. 36-67 x 1 2-25 cm), narrower sepals (4-5 mm vs. 6-10 mm wide), and by the narrower petals (2.5-3.5 mm vs. ca. 5 mm wide) with acuminate apex (vs. acute apex).
This new species was found growing epiphytically on the higher tree branches of an Atlantic Forest fragment, along the road between the locality known as Cocão and Nova Esperança, in the county of Wenceslau Guimarães, Bahia. Duc to the poor conservation condition of its habitat is was not possible to determine the extent of the population.
The specific name of Hohenbergia barbarespina portrays the very dense disposition of the spines along the basal portion of the leaf margins, as well as their proportionally longer length in comparison with the closer relative.
Hohenbergia reconcavensis Leme & Fraga, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. BAHIA: Santo Amaro, Recôncavo, 11.2002, S. Linhares 936 , 11. cult. IV.2003 (holotype RB!). Figs. 6 w-cc, 7 g-h
A Hohenbergia belemii L.B. Sm. & Read, cui affinis, laminisfoliorum basin versus dense spinosis, inflorescentia triple longiore vel fere, ramis prírnariis longioribus, bracteis floriferis apice acutis et breviter apiculatis differt.
Plant terrestrial, flowering 70-110 cm tall, propagating by short basal shoots. Leaves ca. 30, suberect to arching, forming a broad funnelform rosette; sheaths elliptic, 10-17 x 7-9.5 cm, densely brown-Iepidote on both sides, dark castaneous except for the grccn apex, rigid coriaceous and brittle, nerved, margins pale castaneous for ca. 4 mm, entire or densely
spinose at the transition to the blades; blades linear, apex acuminate, ending in a pungent spine ca. 1 0 mm long, inconspicuously if at all narrowed at base, slightly channeled, 40-80 x 3—1.8 cm, subcoriaceous, sparsely and inconspicuously white-lepidote mainly abaxially, green and lustrous, nerved, margins densely spinose, spines antrorse, triangular, dark brown, 2- 5 mm apart except for eventually ca. 10 apart in the médium portion, the basal ones 1.5-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide atbase, the apical ones 0.5-1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide at base. Peduncle erect, stout, 40-60 cm long,
1- 1.5 cm in diameter, red, sparsely white-lanate; peduncle bracts lanceolate, acuminate and mainly lhe basal ones ending in a pungent brown spines, 8-1 6 x
2- 4 cm, stramineous, papyraceous, finely nerved, imbricate, erect, distinctly exceeding the intemodes and covering all but a few portions of the scape, densely white-lepidote abaxially near the base to inconspicuously white-lepidote or glabrescent toward the apex, the basal ones spinose near the apex, the upper ones entire; inflorescence shortly paniculate, pyramidate, 4-pinnate at base, tripinnate to bipinnate toward the apex, 22-32 cm long, 1 2-1 8 cm in diameter at base, erect, rachis stout, slightly angulose, sparsely white-lanate to glabrous, red; primary bracts resembling the upper scape-bracts, but smaller, spreading to suberect with the branches, the basal ones green to soon stramineous, slightly exceeding to shorter than the branches but distinctly exceeding their basal sterile stipes, 6.5-9 x 1 .8-2 cm, the upper ones red with orange upper third, nearly equaling the branches, 1 .5-5 x 1-1 .5 cm; primary branches suberect, the lower ones 6-13 cm long, stipes 2-3.5 x 0.6-0.7 cm, complanate, red, sparsely white-lanate to glabrous, with 5 to 7 shortly stipitate to subsessile secondary branches Iaxly arranged at base to densely arranged at apex, the median primary branches 4.5-8 cm long, stipes 1-2.5 x 0.5-0.6 cm, complanate, with 3 to 5 subsessile secondary branches subdensely to densely arranged, the upper primary branches 3-4 cm long, resembling the secondary branches; secondary bracts resembling the basal floral bracts, shorter than the branches, carinate to ecarinate; secondary branches the basal ones with 2 densely arranged fascicles, 3-3.4 x 2.5-3 cm (excluding the petals), shortly stipitate, stipes 0.3-0.5 x ca. 0.4 cm, the upper ones strobilate, oblong-ellipsoid, subsessile, suberect, 2-3 X 1.5-2 cm (excluding the petals), with 6 to 10 flowers; floral bracts red except for the orange apex, inconspicuously and sparsely white-lepidote to glabrous, nerved, membranous along the margins, entire, carinate except for eventually the apical ones, convex, erect to suberect with the flower.
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ;
cm ..
44
slightly shorter to nearly equaling the sepals, the basal ones 15-20x 14-16mm,broadlytriangular-ovate,acute and shortly apiculate, apiculus 1-1.5 mm long, pungent, the upper ones 13-18 x ca. 9 mm, oblong-ovate to oblong, broadly acute to obtuse and apiculate, apiculus ca. 1 mm long, pungent. Flowers 23-28 mm long, sessile, densely and polystichously arranged, erect to suberect; sepals oblong to subobovate, asymmetrical, the lateral, rounded wing from equaling to very slightly exceeding the midnerve, 1 0-1 2 x 5-6 mm, connate at base for 1-1.5 mm, glabrous, entire, centrally and toward the apex rose, lilac along the margins, apex obtuse and mucronulate, mucron 0.5-1 mm long, the posterior ones carinate with keel decurrent on the ovary, the anterior ones ecarinate; petals lanceolate, apex narrowly acute, 1 8-20 x ca. 4 mm, free, lilac to dark purple toward the apex, bearing 2 sublinear- spatliulate, nearly truncate at apex, 5-8 mm above the base, adnate to the petals for 3-5 mm, each with a lower more pronounced lacerate fringe and an apical denticulate fringe. Stamens included; filaments complanate and slightly dilated and lilac toward the apex, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 .5 mm wide at apex, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for 5-6 mm, the antesepalous free; anthers ca. 3.5 mm long, base slightly sagittate, apex apiculate, fixed at 1/3 of its length above the base; ovary subtrigonous, laterally carinate, 6-8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide at apex, glabrous, white; placentation apical; ovules obtuse to apiculate, ca. 0.3 mm long; epigynous tube inconspicuous; style ca. 1 5 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter, lilac toward the apex; stigmaconduplicate-spiral, broadly ellipsoid, lilac, blades long glandulose-fimbriate. Fruits unknown.
This new species is close related to Hohenbergia belemii but can be easily distinguished from it by the leaf blades densely spinose toward the base (vs. laxly spinose), spines 2— 5(— 10) mm apart (vs. 5-25 mm apart), inflorescence 3 times longer or nearly so (22-32 cm long vs. 8-10 cm long), primary branches longer(6-13 cm vs. 3- 4.5 cm long) and by the floral bracts with apex acute and shortly apiculate (vs. acuminate and long spinescent).
Hohenbergia reconcavensis grows terrestrially, forming large clumps, in humid Atlantic Forest fragments, in the region of Santo Amaro, in Recôncavo Baiano, Bahia State.
The name of Hohenbergia reconcavensis is a reference to the large region known as “Recôncavo Baiano”, which sunounds Baía de Todos os Santos, where this new species was found near the city of Santo Amaro.
Leme, E.M.C. et ai.
Nidularium Lem.
The Brazilian endemic genus Nidularium contains 45 species (Leme 2000; Luther 2008), exclusive to the understory of the Atlantic Forest that stretches from the State of Bahia, in Northeastem Brazil, to Rio Grande do Sul, in Southern Brazil. It is found from sea levei, in sandy Coastal plain vegetation or in transition zones between Atlantic Forest and mangroves, to the edge of the cloud forest that rings the high altitude grasslands above 2,000 m. However, most of the species are confmed to forest on the moist slopes of the Serra do Mar, and a few are found in equally wet habitats in Serra da Mantiqueira, or they penetrate the Campos Rupestres domain in Minas Gerais and Bahia by way of gallery forests. The State of Rio de Janeiro, with 29 species, has the highest diversity for the genus, followered by São Paulo (19 spp.), and Espírito Santo (10 spp., not including the species described here).
The genus is characterized by a subcorymbose inflorescence with broad primary bracts forming a uniutriculate to miltiutriculate rosette with a surprising capacity forrainwater storage, which is unique within the family and also within the bromelioid genera of the Nidularium complex (i.e, Canistropsis, Canistnim , Edmundoa, and Wittrockia), appearing to be a specialization associated with moist forest environments. Its flowers have long-tubular architecture, with short, erect-convergent petals with an obtuse cucullate apex, and according to Sazima et al. (2000) is related to specialized long-billed humminbirds pollination.
The taxonomy oi Nidularium was revised by Leme (2000), and there have been few new contributions since {e.g. Leme 2002). A recent expedition to the highest mountain in the county of Alegre, Espírito Santo State brings to light one more delicate new species from the montaine Atlantic Forest.
Nidularium alegrense Leme & L. Kollmann,sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Alegre, trilha para o topo da Pedra da Caveira da Anta, 1 126 m elev., 20P39.1 1 ’S, 41°22.94’ W, 05.VI.2009, fl„ E. Leme, L. Kollmann & D. Couto 7855 (holotype RB ! ; isotypes MBML!, HB!). Figs. 8 a-f, 9 a-b
A Nidularium meeanum Leme, Wand. & MoIIq cui affinis, laminis folioum subintegris vel inconspicue spinulosis, inflorescentia apice angustiora, bracteis primariis laminis suberectis prope apit em leviter recurvatis, brevioribus, bracteis floriferis angustioribus, sepalis minoribus, sublineari- lanceolatis, petalis longioribus et fructibus rubris
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
New species in Bromeliaceae
45
differt; a N. utriculosum Ule, cui próxima, laminis foliorum angustioribus, marginibus spinis minoribus, inflorescentia apice angustiora, bracteis primariis brevioribus, laminis angustioribus, sepalis brevioribus et petalis longioribus differt.
Leaves 15 to 22, suberect and recurved toward the apex, thin in texture, forming a narrow funnelform rosette, propagating by short basal shoots; sheaths narrowly elliptic, 1 3-14 x 5-5.2 cm, subdensely and inconspicuously brown lepidote on both sides, pale green; blades linear, distinctly narrowed toward the base, 23-37 x 1. 8-2.6 cm, green, sparsely and inconpicuously white lepidote abaxially, adaxialy glabrous or nearly so, lustrous, apex acuminate and slenderly apiculate, margins subentire to sparsely and inconspicuously spinulose, spines 0.2-0.3 mm long, 10-25 mm apart. Peduncle 13-15 cmlong, ca. 0.5 cm in diameter, whitish, exceeding the leaf- sheaths at anthesis; peduncle bracts foliaceous to subfoliaceous, completely concealing the scape, the basal ones distinctly exceeding the inflorescence; inflorescence once-branched, narrowly obconic, apex substellate, 5-6 cm long, 9-10 cm in diameter, distinctly elevated above the rosette, but shorter than the leaves; primary bracts suberect and slightly recurved near the apex, inconspicuously white lepidote to glabrescent, 8-1 1 cm long, green except for the distai 1/3 red, sheaths broadly elliptic, 4-5 x 3 .5-4.5, blades narrowly triangular, 4-6 x 2-2.5 cm, apex acuminate and minutely apiculate, margins sparsely to subdensely spinulose, spines 5-13 mm apart; fascicles ca. 5, the basal ones ca. 28 x 16 mm (excluding the petals), 3-flowered, stipe inconspicuous; floral bracts narrowly subtriangular-lanceolate, apex subacute and minutely apiculate, entire or remotely denticulate at apex, 20-21 X ca. 5 mm, membranous, hyaline, greenish toward the apex, about equaling 1/2 of sepals length, inconspicuously and sparsely lepidote, trichomes fimbriate. Flowers ca. 63 mm long, subsessile; sepals sublinear-lanceolate, apex subacute and minutely apiculate, 15-16 x 4.5-5 mm, connate for 3.5-5 mm, green, glabrous; petals ca. 50 mm long, connate for ca. 40 mm, tube white, lobes broadly oblong-ovate, ca. 10 x6 mm, dark purple except for the white margins, bearing 2 inconspicuous callosities at base; anthers ca. 6 mm long, base obtusely-sagittate, apex subacute and shortly caudate; pollen suboblong-ellipsoid, biporate with large pores, exine broadly reticulate, muri narrowed, lumina polygonal; stigma globose, white, lobes with minutely crenulate margins; ovary subclavate, ca. 14 mm long, ca. 6 mm in
diameter at apex; ovules obtuse. Fruits slightly enlarged from the ovary, odorless, red, the persistent calyx red.
Nidularium alegrense is morphologically related to N. meeanum, differing from it by the leaf blades subintire to inconspicuously spinulose (spines 0.2-0.3 mm long, 1 0-25 mm apart, vs. ca. 5 mm long, 4- 5 mm apart), inflorescence with a narrower apex (9-10 cm in diameter vs. 1 2-1 6 cm in diameter), primaiy bracts with blades suberect and slightly recurved near the apex (vs. subspreading-recurved), shorter (4-6 cm long vs. 7-10 cm long), floral bracts narrower (ca. 5 mm wide vs. 1 0-1 2 mm wide), sepals smaller ( 15-1 6 x 4.5-5 mm vs. 17-20 x 6-7 mm), sublinear-lanceolate (vs. obovate to broadly oblong-elliptic), petals longer (ca. 50 mm long vs. 33^10 mm long), and by the red fruits. On the other hand, this new species can be associated to N. utriculosum, distinguishing from it by leaf blades narrower (1 .8-2.6 cm wide vs. 2.5-3.5 cm wide), with marginal spines smaller (0.2-0.3 mm long vs. ca. 0.5 mm long), inflorescence with a narrower apex (9-10 cm in diameter vs. 12-15 cm in diameter), primary bracts shorter (8-1 1 cm long vs. 10-13 cm long), with narrower blades (2-2.5 cm wide vs. 3-3.5 cm wide at base), sepals shorter (15- 1 6 mm vs. ca. 20 mm long), and by the longer petals (ca. 50 mm long vs. ca. 40 mm long).
This new species was found growing as a terrestrial, shade-dweller in a montane Atlantic Forest at about 1,126 m elevation, at the base of Pedra da Caveira da Anta, a granitic inselberg with an elevation of nearly 1, 500 m. The habitat of Nidularium alegrense comprises a moist low-forest along a spring, where some terrestrial and epiphytic bromeliads species were observed, like Aechmea pineliana var. minuta M.B. Foster, Billbergia aff. alfonsi-joannis Reitz, Canistropsis billbergioides (Schult. & Schul. f.) Leme, Neoregelia dayvidiana Leme & A.P. Fontana, Neoregelia aff. macrosepala L.B. Sm., Nidularium procerum Lindm., Quesnelia kautskyi C.M. Vieira, Vriesea carinata var. flavominiata Leme, Vriesea lubbersii (Baker) E. Morren, to name few. In the open, rocky habitats towards the summit of Pedra da Caveira da Anta, a grasslike vegetation predominates, where rupicolous and saxicolous bromeliad species thrive in profusion, like a large population of Pitcaimia aff. azouryi Martinelli & Forzza, P. carinataMez, Alcantarea sp., and a dark leafed form of Vriesea fosteriana L.B. Sm.
The name choosen for Nidularium alegrense is an explicit reference to the county of Alegre, where it was discovered.
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
6
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
Figure 8 - a-f. Nidularium alegrense Leme & L. Kollmann - a. leaf apex, adaxial view; b. basal primary bract; c. floral bracts, from below; d. flower in side view; e. sepal, from below; f. petal and stamen, from above. g-n. Orthophytum teofilo-otonense Leme & L. Kollmann - g. apical segment of the leaf, adaxial view; h. basal segment of the leaf, adaxial view; i. floral bracts, from below; j. petal and stamen, from above; k. flower in side view; 1. sepal, from above; m. sepal, from below; n. petal appendages in detail. o-t. O. cearense Leme & F. Monteiro - o. leaf, adaxial view; p. flower in side view; q. sepal, from below; r. petal and stamen, from above; s. petal appendages in detail; t. anther in side view. (a-f Leme 7855 ; g-n Leme 7919\ o-t Monteiro 201).
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15
New species in Bromeliaceae
47
Figure 9 - Habit and detail of inflorescence and flowers. a-b. Nidularium alegrense Leme & L. Kollmann. c-e. Orthophytum teofilo-otonense Leme & L. Kollmann (c. holotype population; d. paratype population). f-g. O. cearense Leme & F. Monteiro, h-i. Pitcairnia capixaba Fraga & Leme (photos: a-g and i E. Leme; h B.R. Silva).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 02 1 -067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
48
Orthophytum
The genus Orthophytum is a medium-sized bromelioid genus, comprising 51 known species (Luther 2008). It is endemic to Brazil and lives in rocky environments that stretch from the central- north region of Espírito Santo State, Southeastem Brazil (the southemmost limit) to the northeastern States of Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba and Ceará (the northemmost limit). The diversity centerof the genus is concentrated in the northeastern- southeastem States of Bahia and Minas Gerais.
The species of Orthophytum are exclusively terrestrial and saxicolous, mostly occuring in usually low elevated and sun exposed areas in rocky escarpments in the domain of the Atlantic Forest, or more ofiten in the grasslands on rocky soils, on quartzite and sandstone outcrops that form the usually high- altitude landscape of the Serra do Espinhaço range, standing out from the savannas domain.
The taxonomical knowledge on Orthophytum is still rudimentary. There are very basic questions to be answered on the identity of some imperfectly known key-species (e.g. O. leprosum (Mez) Mez, O. sanctum L.B. Sm., O. alvimii W. Weber), and conceming the setof morphological characteristics that should be used for consistem taxa delimitation. However, on the basis of the current knowledge on the genus, as well as taking into consideration field observations, it is possible to recognize, from time to time, newtaxa.
Orthophytum teofilo-otonense Leme & L. Kollmann, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Teófilo Otoni, estr. MG 4 1 8, entre Teófilo Otoni e o entroncamento para Ataléia, ca. 370 m elev., 1 7°54.45’S, 4 1 ° 1 6.72’ W, 4. VII.2009, fl.,£. Leme, L Kollmann & M. Grossi 7979(holotype RB!; isotypes HB!, MBML!). Figs. 8 g-n, 9 c-e
Ab Orthophytum magalhaesii L.B. Sm., cui afftnis, planta altiora, laminis foliorum latioribus, supra glabris, pedunculo robustiore, inflorescentia longiore, bracteis primaríis majoribus, basalibus 10-25 x 2. 5-3. 5 cm, supemis 3-6 x 1.5-3 cm, bracteis floriferis subtus subdense albo-lepidotis, petalis appendicis breviter fimbriatis differt; ab Orthophytum alvimii W. Weber, cui próxima, foliis per anthesim plus numerosis, bracteis floriferis subtus subdense minuteque albo-lepidotis, petalis obtusis vel subacutis differt.
Plant saxicolous, stemless before anthesis, 70- 90 cm high at anthesis, propagating by short basal shoots as well as by shoots from the strobilate fascicles
Leme, E.M.C. et al
of the inflorescence. Leaves laxly rosulate but forming a distinct rosette before (ca. 1 2 in number) and afterwards (7 to 10 in number), the upper leaves not distinguishable from the basal scape bracts due to the elongation of the stem at anthesis; sheaths inconspicuous, not contrasting with the blades; blades lanceolate- attenuate, acuminate-caudate, 45-55 cm long, 4-5.5 cm wide at base, ca. 2 mm thick near the base, coriaceous, suberect-arcuate, distinctly U-shaped channeled, green (holotype specimen) to dark red (paratype specimens), with color not obscured by the trichomes, abaxial and adaxial surfaces distinctly contrasting, densely white-sublanate abaxially with trichomes persistem, finely multifilamentous divided, partially obscuring leaf color, lustrous and glabrous adaxially except for the densely white lepidote base, margins straight to recurved under water stress, densely at base to laxly spinose toward the apex, spines narrowly triangular, spreading to antrorse-uncinate, flattened, yellowish-castaneous toward the apex, white-lanate near the base abaxially, 1 .5-3 mm long, 1—2 mm wide atbase, the basal ones 2-5 mm apart, the upper ones 7- 1 2 mm apart. Peduncle erect, terete, greenish, densely and finely white-lanate, 40-45 cm long, 0.7-2 cm in diameter; peduncle bracts foliaceous and not distinguishable from the leaves, suberect to strongly reflexed, slightly reduced in size upwardly; inflorescence once-branched, elongate, erect to suberect, 15^)0 cm long, rachis 0.7- 1.2 cm diam., straight to slightly flexuous, terete, greenish, densely and finely white-lanate; primary bracts subspreading to reflexed, flat or nearly so, green to reddish-bronze colored, subdensely white sublanate abaxially, adaxially glabrous to sparsely and inconspicously white lepidote with filamentous trichomes, margins densely (near the base) to laxly (toward the apex) spinulose, spines 1-2.5 mm long, 2- 1 1 mm apart, narrowly triangular, antrorse, the basal primary bracts subfoliaceous, 10-25 x 2.5-3 .5 cm, much exceeding the fascicles, the upper ones much reduced in size, narrowly ovate triangular, acuminate-caudate, 3-6 x 1 .5-3 cm, slightly to distinctly exceeding the fascicles; fascicles 8 to 15, polystichously disposed, laxly (at base) to subdensely (at apex) arranged, 2-5 cm apart, suberect, sessile, subglobose-strobilate, rosulate, 2-3 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter at apex (including the floral bracts), 7 to 1 0-flowered; floral bracts brcadly ovate-triangular, acuminate, thinly coriaceous, pungent, carinate to ecarinate, V-shaped channeled, from equaling to exceeding the sepals but strongly recurved toward the apex and exposing them, light green to yellowish-green, finely nerved, abaxially subdensely and minutely white lepidote with filamentous trichomes,
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18
New species in Bromeliaceae
49
adaxially glabrous and lustrous, 15—25 x 10—16 mm, margins densely spinulose, spines triangular, flat, ca. 0.5 mm long, from straight to irregularly curved, yellowish-green. Flowers 22-25 mm long (including the petals), sessile, densely arranged, odorless; sepals narrowly ovate-subtriangular, apex acute and apiculate to acuminate, 13-16 x5-5.5 mm, free, entire, yellowish-green, thin in texture, inconspicuously and sparsely white-lepidote to glabrous, finely nerved, the posterior ones alate-carinate toward the base with keels decurrent on the ovary, the anterior one acarinate; petals sublinear to narrowly subsphatulate, obtuse to subacute, slightly if at all cucullate, 1 8-20 x ca. 4 mm, free, erect at anthesis except for the suberect apex, white except for the greenish basal tube, bearing 2 densely and densely and shortly fimbriate, upwardly oriented, cupulate appendages ca. 3 mm above the base, as well as 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities which equal the filaments; filaments terete, greenish- white, the antepetalous ones ca. 10 mm long, adnate to the petals for ca. 5 mm, the antesepalous ones ca.
1 2 mm long, free; anthers sublinear, 2.5-3 mm long, base sagittate, apex obtuse and remotely apiculate, dorsifixed at 1/3 of its length above the base, laterally strongly complanate; pollen ellipsoid, sulcate, exine microreticulate; stigma conduplicate, ca. 1 mm in diameter, white, blades obtuse, distinctly recurved, margins densely glandulose; ovary ca. 3 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter at apex, subtrigonous and slightly complanate, subdensely white-lanate; epigynous tube lacking; placentation apical; ovules subcylindraceous, obtuse to subapiculate. Fruits unknown.
Material examinado: BRAZ1L. MINAS GERAIS: Teófilo Otoni.estr. MG418, 17054.45’S,41016.72 W,4.VII.2009, fl., E. Leme et al. 7920(RB); L. Kollmann et. al. 11780 (MBML); L. Kollmann et al. 11781 (MBML).
Orthophytum teofilo-otonense is closely related to O. magalhaesii, differing from it by the larger size at anthesis (70-90 cm vs. ca. 55 cm high), leaf blades comparatively broader at base (4—5.5 cm vs. 2.5—3 (— 4.5) cm wide), glabrous adaxially (vs. subdensely to densely white-sublanate on both sides), peduncle more robust (0.7-2 cm vs. 0.5-1. 2 cm diam.), longer inflorescence ( 1 5-40 cm long vs. 1 0-15 cm long), larger primary bracts (basal ones 10-25 x 2.5-3.5 cm vs. 5- 7 xca. 2 cm, upper ones 3-6 x 1 .5—3 cm vs. 2.5—3 xca. 2 cm), floral bracts subdensely white lepidote abaxially (vs. glabrous or nearly so), and by the petal appendages shortly fimbriate and upwardly oriented (vs. densely and irregularly scalloped-lacerate, and downwardly oriented).
On one hand, Orthophytum teofilo-otonense can be associated to the imperfectly known O. alvimii, which was discovered at Bahia State in 1 983 , by Alvim Seidel. On the other, it can be distinguished at least by the more numerous leaves at anthesis (7 to 10 vs. 4), the subdensely and minutely white lepidote floral abaxially (vs. glabrous), and by the obtuse to subacute petals (vs. acuminate).
This new species was found at low elevation (ca. 370 m), growing on a slightly inclined granitic surface, under direct sunlight, in the Atlantic Forest domain, in the county of Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais State. It forms a large population composed by red-leafed and green-leafed groups of plants distributed like “islands” on a shallow organic soil. In a continuous and ecologically idêntica! nearby rock outcrop, a huge population of Encholirium gracile L.B. Sm., together with few specimens of Alcantarea sp., were observed, being distinctly and curiously segregated from the Orthophytum teofilo-otonense population.
The name of this new species is an explicit reference to the county of Teófilo Otoni where it was discovered, in Minas Gerais State, which is an important center of diversity for the genus.
Orthophytum cearense Leme & F. Monteiro, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. CEARÁ: Catunda, Serra do Olho D’Água, Pico da Serra Branca, 1 144 m elev., 04°45'55.4”S, 40°07’46.9”W, 26.1.2009, fl., F.J.S. Monteiro 201, fl. cult. (hololype RB!).
Figs. 8 o-t, 9 f-g
Species nova ab Orthophytum disjunctum L.B. Sm., cui affinis , planta distincte breviora, pedúnculo breviore, inflorescentia simplicíssima vel dense strobiliforme-composita, fasciculis primariis dense dispositis.floribus per fasciculis perpaucis, petalis majoribus, viridulis vel apicern versus virido- albescentibus differt; ab Orthophytum triunfense J.A. Siqueira & Leme, cui próxima, planta haud rhizomatosis, laminis foliorum brevioribus et angustioribus, supra apicem versus glabrescentibus, petalis viridulis vel apicem versus virido- albescentibus, apice obtusis vel emarginatis differt.
Plant saxicolous or terrestrial, stemless, 7-12 (-20) cm high, propagating by short basal shoots. Leaves 5 to 10 (to 20) at anthesis, rosulate and forming a distinct rosette before and at anthesis; sheaths inconspicuous; blades narrowly triangular- attenuate, 5-9 (-14) cm long, 0.8-1 . 1 (-2) cm wide at the base, ca. 2.5 mm thick at the middle, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, suberect-arcuate to spreading-
Rodriguésia 61 (1): 021-067. 2010
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
50
Leme. E.M.C. et al.
recurved, slightly to distinctly channeled, bronze colored, abaxially densely and coarsely white- lepidote with trichomes obscuring blades color, finely nerved, adaxially densely and coarsely white- lepidote near the base and glabrescent toward the apex, trichomes not at all obscuring blade color, apex attenuate-caudale, margins densely (near the base) to laxly (toward the apex) spinose, spines narrowly triangular, subspreading to retrorse-uncinate, 1-3 mm long, 0.5-1 .5 mm wide at the base, 2-8 mm apart, castaneous toward the apex. Peduncle erect, 3-6 cm long, 0.3-0.6 cm in diameter, densely white-lanate, pale reddish-bronze colored but the color almost completely obscured by the trichomes; peduncle bracts foliaceous, suberect-arcuate to nearly spreading, not at all hiding the scape; inflorescence simple when growing under arid condition to densely bipinnate at base when growing in mesophytic condition, densely strobilate, erect, 5- or 6-flowered and ca. 2 cm long in simple inflorescences, to 20- flowered and 5-6 cm long in bipinnate inflorescences (excluding the petals), 1. 5-2.5 cm in diameter (excluding the floral bracts), apparently not producing vegetative shoots; primary bracts foliaceous to subfoliaceous, much exceeding the fascicles; fascicles 2 to 7, densely arranged even the basal ones, subtlabellate, subcomplanate, 16-18 xca. 10 mm (excluding the petals), 2-flowered; floral bracts those of the basal fascicles, narrowly triangular, acuminate, 1 0- 1 4 x ca. 8 mm, pale reddish-bronze, densely white lepidote, distinctly recurved and shorter than the sepals, carinate, membranous toward the base, margins minutely spinulose, spines less than 0.5 mm long, irregularly curved, those of the simple part of the inflorescence subfoliaceous, reddish-bronze colored, much exceeding (the basal to médium ones) to slightly shorter (the upper ones) than the flowers, subercct to subspreading, finely nerved abaxially, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, 20-40 x 6-10 mm, subdensely to densely and coarsely white-floccose mainly abaxially, trichomes with shortly fimbriate margins, at least adaxially not at all obscuring bracts color, margins laxly to densely spinulose, spines narrowly subtriangular-uncinate, retrorse, 0.5-2 mm long, 2-4 mm apart. Flowers 22-24 mm long (with extended petals), sessile, erect to suberect, densely arranged, odorless; sepals slightly symmetrical, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, apex long acuminate- caudate, 1 1 .5-12.5 x ca. 4 mm including the 2.5-6 mm long caudate apex, reddish-rose, membranous mainly along the margins, subdensely to densely white-lepidote with lacerate-fimbriate trichomes, the
abaxial one ecarinate to obtusely carinate, the adaxial ones carinate; petals subspatulate, narrowly obtuse to slightly emarginate and remotely apiculate, but appearing acute, slightly cucullate, 18-19 x ca. 4.5 mm, free, erect at anthesis except for the suberect apex, green throughout to greenish-white toward the apex, bearing 2 irregularly long lacerate, predominantly upwardly oriented, utriculose appendages ca. 3 mm above the base, as well as 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities which nearly equal the anthers; filaments terete, the antesepalous ones free, ca. 13 mm long, the antepetalous ones ca. 1 1 mm long, adnate to the petals for ca. 7 mm; anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, greenish-yellow, base obtuse, apex subacute and remotely apiculate, laterally flattened mainly toward the apex, dorsifixed at 1 /3 of its length above the base; pollen ellipsoidal, sulcate, exine microreticula, lumina polygonal; stigmaconduplicate, ca. 1 .5 mm in diameter, blades suberect to subspreading, crenulate; ovary ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, subtrigonous and complanate, white-lanate; epigynous tube inconspicuous; placentation apical; ovules obtuse, greenish. Fruits enlarged from the ovary, globose, ca. 6 mm in diameter, whitish.
Material examinado: BRAZIL. CEARÁ: Tamboril, Serra do Açudinho, 04°50’ 14.9”S, 40°09’39”W, 8.1.2008, fi., F.J.S. Monteiro 126, fl. cult. VI.2009 (RB); Catunda, Serra do Olho D'Água, 04°45’59.5”S, 40°07’53.3”W, 9.1.2008, fl., F.J.S. Monteiro 135, fl. cult. (RB).
Orthophytum cearense is a member of the “scapose inflorescence complex”, “subcomplex disjunctum”. When compared to O. disjunctum, this new species differs by the shorter habit when in bloom (7-20 cm vs. 20-57 cm high), shorter peduncle (3-6 cm vs. 10-25 cm compr.), inflorescence simple or densely strobiliforme-compound, with primary fascicles densely arranged (vs. the basal ones laxly arranged, 1-3 cm apart from each other) and bearing fewer flowers (2 vs. 4 to 14) and by the petals larger ( 1 8-1 9 x ca. 4.5 mm vs. 1 4-1 7 x 3-3.5 mm), and green throughout to greenish-white toward the apex (vs. distally white at 1/3 of their length). lt can be also compared to O. triunfense, being distinguished by the propagation by means of short basal shoots (vs. propagating by slenderrhizomcs), leaf blades shorter and narrower (5-14 x0.8-2 cm vs. 1 1-20 x 2-3.5 cm), adaxially glabrescent toward the apex (vs. densely white lepidote throughout), and by the petals green throughout to greenish-white toward the apex (vs. distally white at 2/5 of their length), with obtuse and emarginate apex (vs. acute).
Rodriguésia 6 1 ( 1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm __
New species in Bromeliaceae
The living holotype and paratypes descendant (cult. E. Leme 7700, 7339 and F.J.S. Monteiro 135, respectively) are cultivated in the living collection of the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
Orthophytum cearense is the ürstOrthophytimi record from the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil, broadening considerably the geographical distribution of the genus and establishing a new northernmost limit, which until now were the States of Pernambuco (O. disjunctum and O. triunfense) and Paraíba (O. disjunctum and O.jabrense Baracho & J .A. Siqueira).
Orthophytum cearense was encountered growing terrestrially amidst rock outcrops in residual, disturbed, secondary Decidual Tropical Forest (mata seca) in a greatly destroyed montane area, called Serra da Mata, covering the counties of Catunda, Monhenhor Tabosa and Tamboril, in the central-western region of Ceará State, with the higher part, at Pico da Serra Branca, at 1,154 m elevation. The populations of the new species are also residual, with small groups of plants growing under dry conditions, on soil accumulated amidst rock outcrops, in partially shaded high-elevation sites in Pico do Oeste and Pico da Serra Branca.
Despite living today under dry ecological conditions, which may be, at least in part, the result of the microclimatic changes caused by original forest destruction, when growing in mesophytic condition (e.g. cultivated specimens), Orthophytum cearense may grow to triple its regular size as seen in the semiarid habitat, and develop a distinctly branched in flore scence. This increased growth potential may reflect past adaptation for survival in more humid sites that were probably available in the past, when largertraits of more humid Atlantic forest covered vast lands of the northeast territory of Brazil.
The name of this new species is a clear reference to the State of Ceará, Northeastem Brazil, where a member of the genus Orthophytum was discovered for the first time.
Pitcairnia L‘Hér.
This genus is considered the largest in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae. According to Luther (2008), it comprises 376 taxa (including species, varieties and fornis; not including members of the genus Pepinia Brongn. ex André, sensu Varadarajan & Gilmartin 1 988); or it involves 423 taxa in the broad concept of Smith & Downs (1974), including all species of Pepinia (sensuTaylor & Robinson 1999). Pitcairnia contains a large and diverse array of
Rodriguésia 61(11:021-067.2010
51
species, most are rupicolous or terrestrial but a few are epiphytic. There are two main centers of diversity for the genus, the Guyana shield, where most of the species of subgenus Pepinia occur, and the Andes with extensions into Central America (Smith & Downs 1974).
Eastem Brazil is relatively poor in diversity of Pitcairnia species, with only 18 species reported for the Brazilian Atlantic coast, (Martinelli & Forzza 2006; Leme etal. 2009), but it contains some very peculiar taxa, most of which are restricted endemics. Despite its inexpressive occurrence in eastem Brazil, it is possible to recognize in the Atlantic Forest domain of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo States, a complex of white to yellowish-white flowered Pitcairnia species originally composed of P. albiflos Herb. and P. suaveolens Lindl., according to Tatagiba (2003), and the latter one includes P. flammea var. pallida L.B. Sm. as synonym. More recently, Tatagiba etal (2004) added two new taxa to this complex, P. insularis F. Tatagiba & R.J. V. Alves andP. wendtiae F. Tatagiba & B.R. Silva, both growing on rocky walls facing the ocean on oceanic islands or along the coastline of Rio de Janeiro State. Finally, Leme et al (2009) included another new species in the same complex, P. abyssicola Leme & L. Kollmann.
In the complex of white to yellowish-white flowered taxa, Pitcairnia. albiflos and P. insularis can be grouped by their flowers with actinomorphic corolla, along with the red-flowered P. staminea Lodd. Moreover, P. suaveolens and P. wendtiae can be easily recognized by their flowers with zygomorphic corolla, along with the red-flowered P. flammea Lindl., and its closer relatives.
In herbaria, and even in published articles and taxonomic treatments (e.g. Smith & Downs 1974) diverse specimens have been misidentified as Pitcairnia flammea var. pallida, when, aftercareful, deep analysis, some of these specimens are found to be distinct, restricted endemic, new taxa (e.g. Tatagiba et. al. , 2004). The new species described below is not an exception.
Pitcairnia capixaba Fraga & Leme, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Vargem Alta, Alto Pombal, 20°35’42.9”S, 40°58’ 13.3”W, 892 m elev., 2.m.2003, B.R. Silva, C. Morado & R. Couto 988, 0. cult., 11.2004 (holotype RB !). Figs. 9 h-i, 1 0 a-m
A Pitcairnia suaveolens Lindl. cui qffinis, laminis foliorum angustioribus, scapus glabrus, bradeis floriferis distincte brevioribus altitudinem pedicellorum brevioribüs vel leviter superantibus.
SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52
Leme, E.M.C. et ai
floribus hciad odoriferis, pedicellis brevioríbus, sepalis glabris et petalis acuminatis differt; a Pitcairnia wendtiae F. Tatagiba & B.R. Silva, cui similis, rhachidi glabra bradeis floralibus brevioríbus, pedicelis glabris, sepalis longioribus ecarinatisque, petalis acuminatis et longioribus differt.
Plant rupicolous, flowering 80-100 cm tall, propagating by stout basal shoots. Leaves ca. 10, fasciculate, monomorphic, persistent, suberect- arcuate, chartaceous; sheaths triangular, ca. 4 x 2.5 cm, light green to castaneous, sparsely covered by cinereous trichomes on both surface, entire; blades narrowly sublinear-triangular, canaliculate, slightly narrowed near the base, entire, 70-80 x 1-1 5 cm, green, sparsely and inconspicuously cinereous-lepidote on both sides, apex attenuate, acuminate-caudate. Peduncle erect, 50-60 cm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter, light green, glabrous; peduncle bracts the basal ones foliaceous and distinctly exceeding the intemodes, the upperones sublinear-lanceolate, 25-80 X 5-8 mm, equaling to shorter than the intemodes, chartaceous, light green, sparsely white-lepidote abaxially, glabrous adaxially, entire, apex acuminate-caudate; inflorescence racemose, simple, erect, distinctly exceeding the leaves, 30-40 cm long, laxly to subdensely flowered, bearing at apex an inconspicuous coma of sterile bracts, rachis straight, light green, obtusely if at all angulose, glabrous; floral bracts narrowly triangular to ovate-triangular, margin denticulate, cirrose apex, 5-18 x 2-7 mm, suberect, slightly shorter to slightly exceeding the pedicels, chartaceous, green except for the yellowish-green apex, glabrous. Flowers 38 to 50, suberect to subspreading, 6-9 cm long, odorless, polistically disposed, the basal ones laxly arranged, the upper ones subdensely arranged, pedicels upwardly curved, terete, 8-20 x 1-1.5 mm, green to grcenish-yellow, glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, symmetrical, erect, apex acuminate, 27-34 x 4.5-8 mm, free, ecarinate, glabrous, chartaceous, completely yellow or sometimes greenish-yellow near the apex, the 1/3 distai segment not imbricatc; petals sublinear- lanceolate, membranous, apex acuminate, 60-7 1 x 9.5- 12.5 mm, glabrous, pale yellow near the base and yellowish-white toward the apex, erect except for the unilaterally upwardly suberect apex at anthesis, convergem over the stamens and forming a zygomorphic corolla, unappendaged; stamens included, slightly shorter than petals, 48.5-60 mm long; fiJaments, terete at base, slightly complanate toward the apex, yellowish-white, free; anthers linear dorsifixed near base, 8-9 mm long, yellow, base
sagittate with conspicuously, acuminate lobes, apex apiculate and slightly curved; ovary 1/2 superior, ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter; style 42-57 mm long; stigmaconduplicate-spiral, ellipsoidal-clavate, 2.5-3 x ca. 1 .5 mm, yellow, lobes ciliate-papilose; ovules caudate, ca. 0.4 mm long. Capsules unknown. Material examinado: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Vargem Alta a Fruteira, 5.XII.1956, E. Pereira 2291 (MB ML, RB, US).
This new species is closely related to Pitcairnia suaveolens, differing from it by its narrower leaf blades (1-1 .5 cm vs. 2-3 cm wide), glabrous scape (vs. lepidote), floral bracts distinctly shorter (5-18 mm vs. 40-70 mm long) and slightly shorter to slightly longer than the pedicels (vs. distinctly exceeding the pedicels), odorless flowers (vs. flowers fragrant), shorter flower pedicels (8-20 mm vs. 20-30 mm long), glabrous sepals (vs. lepidote), and by the acuminate petals apex (vs. broadly acute to obtuse). On the other hand, P. capixaba is somewhat related to P. wendtiae, however, it can be distinguished from it by its inflorescence with glabrous rachis (vs. densely lepidote), shorter floral bracts (5-1 8 mm vs. 20-40 mm long), flower pedicels glabrous (vs. subdensely lepidote), sepals longer (27-34 mm vs. 16-19 mm long) and ecarinate (vs. carinate), and by the longer petals (60-71 mm vs. 43—46 mm long) with apex acuminate (vs. subacute to rounded).
The living holotype descendam (cult. E. Leme 6182) is cultivated in the collection of the Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden, as well as in Refúgio dos Gravatas, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
Pitcairnia capixaba is restricted to the vicinity of Vargem Alta, occurring in Semidecidual Tropical Forest in the south of Espírito Santo State, where it grows on rocky outerops fúlly exposed to solar radiation. In contrast, P. suaveolens occurs as rupicolous along montane rivers in the vicinity of Serra dos Órgãos, in the Atlantic Rain Forest of the Rio de Janeiro State, and so protected from the direct sun light, while, according to Tatagiba et al. (2004), P. wendtiae is restricted to the vicinity of Cairuçu Peak, in the country of Paraty, south region of Rio de Janeiro State, growing nearly sea levei and always on granitic outerops exposed direct solar radiation. The species flowers in December to February, fruiting in March and April.
The specific epithet is a Brazilian Portuguese name, “capixaba", of indigenous origin, meaning fertile land and it is usually used to refer to people bom in the State of Espírito Santo.
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 20 1 0
SciELO/JBRJ
2 13 14 15 16 17 18
New species in Bromeliaceae
53
Figure 1 0 - Pitcairnia capixaba Fraga & Leme - a. habit and inflorescence; b. detail of adaxial surface of the Ieaf; c. detail of lepidote trichome; d. flower in side view; e. floral bracts, ffom above; f. floral bracts, ffom below; g. detail of floral bracts apex; h. sepal, from below; i. petal, from above; j . stamen, from above; k. detail of anther, from below; 1. pistil; m. detail of stigma. (a-m Silva 988).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
ISciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
54
Tillandsia L.
Tillandsia is the largest genus in subfamily Tillandsioideae, with about 725 taxa (Luther 2008). According to the phylogenetic investigation conducted by Barfuss et al. (2005), the genus belongs to the tribe Tillandsieae, together with the genera GuzmaniaRuiz & Pav., Mezobromelia L.B. Sm., Racinaea M.A. Spencer & L.B. Sm. and Viridantha Espejo. Tillandsia has six subgenera: Tillandsia, Allardtia (A. Dietr.) Baker, Anoplophytum (Beer) Baker, Diaphoranthema (Beer) Baker, Phytarrhim (Vis.) Baker, and Pseudalcantarea Mez.
The genus is characterized by plants of a wide geographical distribution, varying greatly in habitat, size, and leaf and flower architecture. They invariably have entire leaf margins, free petals of no appendages (except for the recently transferred grayish white Vriesea ), stigma usually conduplicate- spiral or simple-erect, rarely coralliform or with convolute blades, ovary superior, ovules generally long-caudate and seeds plumose with a straight basal appendages.
Tillandsia castelensis Leme & W. Till, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Castelo, proximity of the State Park of Forno Grande, ca. 1 100 m elev., IX.2009, fl„ R. Vasconcelos s.n. (holotype RB 495805 !;isotypeHB!). Figs. 1 1 a-h, 12a-b
Species nova a Tillandsia grazielae Sucre & R. Braga, cai affinis, foliis plus numerosis, basin versus manifeste angustioribus , laminis foliorum apicem versus filiforme-subulatis , bracteis floriferis glabris, rubellis, sepalis ecarinatis albis vel fere et petalis rubro-violaceis obtuse- emarginatis differt.
Plant rupiculous, shortly caulescent, flowering 15-18 cm long. Leaves ca. 60, densely arranged, suberect-recurved, slightly secund, subcoriaceous toward the base; sheaths inconspicuous and not differentiated from the blades; blades narrowly triangular, canaliculate toward the base and filiform- subulate toward the apex, 6-7 cm long, ca. 0.5 cm wide at the base, distinctly shorter than the peduncle, densely and coarsely white-Iepidote on both sides with trichomes adpressed and completely obscuring the color of the blades, apex long filiform-caudate. Peduncle suberect, ca. 7 cm long, ca. 0.2 mm in diameter, green, glabrous; peduncle bracts the basal ones foliaceous, the upper ones narrowly elliptic- lanceolate, apex filiform-caudate, 25-35 x 5-6 mm, including the 5-10 mm long filiform apex, base truncate, ecarinate, rose, densely to subdensely
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
white-lepidote, membranous, finely nerved, imbricate, distinctly exceeding the intemodes; inflorescence once branched, 4.5-6.5 cm long, ca. 1 .5 cm in diameter, rachis slender, terete, glabrous, covered by the bracts and branches, greenish, intemodes ca. 5 X 1 .5-2 mm; primary bracts narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, acute, apiculate-caudate (basal ones) to shortly apiculate (upper ones), ca. 25 x 9 mm, ecarinate, rose, subdensely to sparsely white-lepidote toward the apex, membranous, finely nerved, erect with the branches, equaling 1/2 to 2/3 of the branches length; branches 5 to 7, sublinear, complanate, 35—40 x 5-6 mm, erect to slightly suberect-secund, densely arranged, bearing 2 or 3 flowers, stipes ca. 4 x 2 mm, greenish, glabrous; floral bracts narrowly elliptic- lanceolate, apex acute and minutely apiculate, 20-25 x ca. 8 mm, base truncate, ecarinate, rose, glabrous, membranous, finely nerved, equaling to exceeding the petals, imbricate before anthesis and afterwards. Flowers ca. 23 mm long, anthesis diumal, odorless, erect, distichously arranged, pedicels inconspicuous, ca. 1.5 mm long, green, glabrous; sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, ca. 14x4 mm, glabrous, whitish, finely nerved, ecarinate, membranous, the adaxial ones connate at base for ca. 2 mm, the abaxial one free; petals sublinear, slightly broader toward the apex, apex obtuse- emarginate, suberect-recurved at anthesis, 2 1 x 2.7- ca. 3 mm, free, reddish-purple in the visible parts, naked. Stamens slightly shorter than the calyx; filaments flat, membranous, hyaline, not plicate at anthesis; anthers linear, ca. 2 mm long, base and apex obtuse, dorsifixed near the base; pollen ellipsoid, sulcate, exine reticulate, lumina polygonal, muri narrowed; stigma conduplicate, hyaline-whitish. Capsules unknown.
Tillandsia castelensis is a member of subgenus Anoplophytum, closely related to T. grazielae. However, based on the data provided by Sucre & Braga (1975) and Ehlers (1997), this new species differs from the closer relative by the more numerous leaves (ca. 60 vs. ca. 25), distinctly narrower toward the base (ca. 0.5 mm vs. ca. 1 .5 mm wide at base), leaf blades filiform-subulate toward the apex (vs. triangulate and acute), glabrous floral bracts (vs. white lepidote), rose, sepals ecarinate (vs. carinate) and white or nearly so (vs. rose) and by petals reddish-purple (vs. lilac-rose) and obtuse- emarginate (vs. subacute to rounded).
Tillandsia castelensis grows as a rupicolous in full exposed, vertical rock surfaces in the domain of the Atlantic Forest of Castelo, Espírito Santo
Rodriguésia 61(1):021-067.2010
SciELO/JBRJ1
14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
New species in Bromeliaceae
Figure 1 1 — a-h. Tillandsia castelensis Leme & W . Till. — a. leaf, adaxial view; b. basal primary bract; c. inflorescence; d. branche of the inflorescence, and flower in side view; d. floral bracts, from above; e. flower in side view; f. sepal, from below; g. stamen in side view; h. petal, from above. i-m. Vriesea euclidiana Leme & G. K. Br. - i. leaf apex, adaxial view; j. floral bracts, from below; k. flower in side view; 1. sepal, from above; m. petal and stamen, from above. (a-h Vasconcelos s.n. (RB 495805); i-m Colnagos. n. (HB)).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021 -067. 2010
ISciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm 1
■SciELO/JBRJ
Leme, E.M.C. et ai.
Figure 12 - Habit and detail of the inflorescence and flowers. a-b. Tillandsia castelensis Leme & W. Till. c-d. Vriesea euclidiana Leme & G.K. Br. e-f. V. fontanae Fraga & Leme e. in the field; f. habit and inflorescence of F. fontanae and the botanistAndréPaviottiFontanahonoredwiththenameofthisnewspecies(Pictures:a-d.E.Leme;e. A Fontana;f G Esgario).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
New species in Bromeliaceae
57
State, not far from the State Park of Forno Grande. Its populations is scattered in the area, with few to many individuous forming relatively sparse to dense group of plants. The presence of this new species in the limits of the State Park of Forno Grande, despite probable, is yet not known.
The specific name of Tillandsia castelensis is a reference to the county of Castelo, Espírito Santo, where it was originally discovered.
Vriesea Lindl.
This genus is the second largest in subfamily Tillandsioideae, with 306 taxa (Luther 2008). Barfuss et al. (2005) included the genus Vriesea in tribe Vrieseae W. Till & Barfuss, together with the genera Alcantarea (E. Morren ex Mez) Harms and Werauhia J. R. Grant. Brazil is the home of the largest number of Vriesea species, from Amazon to the Southern part of the country.
Vriesea is characterized by plants with entire leaves, ovary superior or nearly so, petals free or shortly connate at the base, usually bearing two well-developed petal appendages. It is presently organized into sections Vriesea and Xiphion (E. Morren) Wawra ex Wittm., sensu Smith & Downs (1977). The typical section is characterized by plants with diurnal anthesis, bracts and calyces bright colored, odorless flowers, tubular corolla usually associated with bird pollination, and stamens often exserted. Section Xiphion includes species with noctumal anthesis, pale colored bracts and calyces, scented flowers, campanulate corolla associated to bat pollination, and stamens often included.
Vriesea euclidiana Leme & G.K. Br., sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Colatina, Itapina, near to Rio Doce bank, VI.2003, fl., E. Colnago s.n. (holotype HB ! ; isotype RB 477704 ! ).
Figs. 11 i-m, 12c-d
Species nova a Vriesea harrylutheri Leme & G.K. Br., cui próxima, laminis foliorum suberecto- arcuatis vel patentibus et basin versus distinctly canaliculatis, inflorescentia breviora, apice acuminato, bracteis floriferis medio sepalorum aequantibus differt; a Vriesea appariciana E. Pereira & Reitz cui affinis, laminis foliorum albo-cinereis, inflorescentia longiora,floribus majoribus, sepalis et petalis longioribus differt.
Plant lacking rhizomes, flowering 60-80 cm tall. Leaves 15 to 20, rosulate, thickly coriaceous, forming a broad funnelform rosette at base; sheaths ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, suberect, 1 1-13 x
Rodriguésia 6 1 { 1 ): 02 1 -067. 2010
9-12 cm, very densely brown-lepidote on both sides, pale to dark castaneous; blades narrowly triangular, acuminate-caudate, canaliculate toward the base, suberect-arcuate to spreading, 25-30 cm long, 5-6 cm wide at base, white-cinereous due to the green color completely obscured by a dense layer of coarsely white-cinereous trichomes on both sides, finely nerved mainly abaxially, margins distinctly truncate, ca. 2 mm thick, densely and coarsely white-lepidote. Peduncle nearly erect, 30- 45 cm long, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, green, glabrous, not sulcate at anthesis; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, the upper ones broadly ovate, acuminate-caudate to acute and shortly acuminate, 3.5 — 4.5 X ca. 2 cm, erect, distinctly exceeding the intemodes, imbricate, densely and coarsely white- lepidote toward the apex and outside, strongly nerved-sulcate at anthesis, castaneous toward the base, stramineous toward the apex; inflorescence simple, sublinear before anthesis, suberect- ascending, the upper portion forming an angle of ca. 45° in relation to the scape, linear in outline with apex acute before and at anthesis, 20-25 x 3- 4 cm, distichously 15- to 21-flowered; rachis 8-10 mm in diameter, stout, flexuous, green to dark purple, glabrous, angled, sulcate after anthesis, intemodes 10-13 mm long; floral bracts broadly ovate, acuminate to acute, 30-35 x 25-26 mm, densely white-lepidote near the apex only, ecarinate, not imbricate and secund with the flowers at anthesis, divergent-arranged and slightly inbricate before anthesis, coriaceous, lustrous toward the base, greenish toward the base before anthesis, mainly the basal ones strongly and coarsely corrugate-sulcate at anthesis, stramineous after anthesis, bearing decurrent auricles at base, about equaling 1/2 of the sepals length. Flowers ca. 50 mm long, anthesis noctumal, producing a mucilagenous material which partially covers its base and dry, as well as a fruit-like fragrance, very densely and divergent-erect before anthesis, densely arranged and distinctly secund at anthesis, pedicel ca. 10 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter at apex, stout, green, glabrous; sepals oblong-elliptic, distinctly emarginate, 25-29 x 14- 15 mm, green except for the purplish-red margins and apex, glabrous outside, inconspicuously and minutely lepidote inside and producing an abundant mucilaginous substance, ecarinate, thickly coriaceous near the base, apical margins somewhat membranous; petals obovate, apex broadly emarginate, spreading- recurved at anthesis, ca. 42 x 19-21 mm, greenish-
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm ..
58
white, thicker toward the base, bearing at base 2 subspatulate, irregularly long-dentate, ca. 13 x 3 mm appendages, basally adnate to the petals for ca. 6 mm, corolla ca. 35 mm in diameter; filaments free, ca. 25 x2 mm; anthers 7-8 mm long, dorsifíxed near the base, base sagittate and apex obtuse, 3 of them disposed on each lateral side of the corolla at anthesis; pollen ellipsoid, sulcate, exine reticulate, lumina broadly rounded, muri narrowed; stigma tubolaciniate, margins long digitate-laciniate, ca. 1 .5 mm in diameter, green; ovules caudate. Capsules unknown.
Material examinado: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Colatina, Itapina, 19o31’42”S,40°5r33”W, 15.VHI.2003, fl„ E. Leme et al. 5919 (HB, RB).
Vriesea euclidiana is a member of the V. appariciana complex, being closely related to V. harrylutheri, differing from it by the leaf blades suberect-arcuate to spreading (vs. strongly reflexed), distinctly canaliculated toward the base (vs. flat toward the base), inflorescence shorter (20- 25 cm vs. ca. 35 cm) with an acuminate apex (vs. apex composed by an obtuse crest of bracts), and by floral bracts about equaling the midpoint of the se pais (vs. equaling 2/3 of sepals length). It is possible to point out some resemblance with V. appariciana, but the new species can be distinguided by leaf blades white-cinereous (vs. grayish-green), inflorescence longer (20-25 cm vs. 12-20 cm long), flowers longer (ca. 50 mm long vs. ca. 40 mm long), sepals longer (25- 29 mm vs. 20-23 mm long), and by petals longer (ca. 42 mm vs. 32-35 mm long).
The living holotype descendant (cult. E. Leme 5712) is cultivated in the collection of the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
This new species occupies habitats similar to those of its closest relatives, forming large populations that are rupicolous on steep rock walls in the Atlantic Forest. Known populations, despite being relati vely close to the large ri ver, Rio Doce, are comparatively dry, and the amazing white-cinereous leaves of Vriesea euclidiana appear to be an adaptation to fúll sun-light exposure and severe water stress. It shares its habitat with species of Cactaceae, as well as large population of Alcantarea sp. and Orthophytum estevesii (Rauh) Leme.
Vriesea euclidiana is named after the bromeliad and orchid collector, Euclidio José Colnago, who has introduced in cultivation many new and unusual bromeliad species, mainly from the State of Espírito Santo where he lives and keeps a biologically rich living collection.
Leme, E.M.C. et al.
Vriesea fontanae Fraga & Leme, sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: São Roque do Canaã, Alto Misterioso, floresta ombrófila densa altomontana com inselbergue, 19°48’ 1 1 ,8”S, 40t46’ 13.7”W, 1 143 melev., 19.ffl.2004, C.N. Fraga; A.P. Fontana <& L. Kollmann 1164 (holotype RB!; isotype MB ML!). Figs. 13 a-k, 12 e-f
Species nova a Vriesea hydrophora Ule, cui próxima, laminis foliorum apice mucronatis pungentibusque, ramis lateralibus manifeste longioribus, bracteis floriferis majoribus.floribus plus numerosis, pedicellis papillosis differt.
Plant saxicolous or terrestrial, heliophyte, flowering ca. 2 m high. Leaves ca. 25, densely rosulate, suberect, forming a crateriform rosette; sheaths elliptic, 20-21 x ca. 16 cm, densely and minutely castaneous-lepidote on both sides, coriaceous, dark castaneous on both sides; blades sublinear, attenuate toward the apex, 48-67 X 1 1.8- 12.5 cm, not narrowed at base, greenish-glaucous with darker green irregular cross-veins mainly by transmitted light, thinly coriaceous, sparsely and inconspicously white-lepidote and covered on both sides by a thin layer of white wax, apical margins not revolute, apex subacute and mucronate, pungent. Peduncle stout, ca. 145 cm long, 1. 5-2.5 cm in diameter, erect, glabrous or nearly so, greenish to wine colored; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, the upper ones broadly ovate to sub- orbiculate, acuminate to acute and mucronate, 5— 10 x 5-5.5 cm, suberect and enfolding the peduncle, exceeding to shorter than internodes, green to castaneous toward the apex on both sides, inconspicuously and sparsely white-lepidote inside; inflorescence paniculate, densely bipinnate, ca. 90 cm long, 45-50 cm in diameter, erect, rachis flexuous, 1-1 .5 cm in diameter, glabrescent, greenish to wine colored, internodes 6-8 cm long; primary bracts suborbicular, 4.5-5 x 4-4.6 cm, greenish- yellow to yellow, suberect, equaling to slightly exceeding the stipes; branches 5 to 9 in number (including the terminal one), the lateral ones 23-34 x 3 — 4.5 cm (excluding the petals), suberect, densely flowered at anthesis, bearing 16 to 22 flowers, rachis straight, stout, ca. 0.5 x 0.8 cm, green, inconspicuous sparsely white-lepidote, obtusely angulose, partially covered by the bracts mainly before anthesis, stipes 8.5-1 1 x 0.5-0.6cm, subcomplanate, green, glabrous, bearing 2 sterile bracts greenish- yellow at the base and a single sterile bract at apex, the terminal brandi erect, 13-15 cm long, 15 to 28- flowered, basal peduncle 1 3-1 5 x 0.7-0.8 cm, stout,
Rodriguésia 6 1 (1 ): 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
•SciELO/JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
New species in Bromeliaceae
59
straight, green, inconspicuous sparsely white- lepidote, bearing 3 sterile bracts almost covering the stipe; floral bracts suborbicular, 35-39 x 22-27 mm, apex acuminate to acute and mucronate, castaneous at the base to yellow toward the apex, inconspicuously and sparsely white-lepidote inside, lustrous and glabrous outside, not completely enfolding the sepals and about equaling 1/2 to 3/4 of its length, distinctly convex, distichous, bearing an apical protruded central nerve and appearing carinate toward the apex. Flowers distichous and strongly downwardly secund at nocturnal anthesis, densely arranged, 58-60 mm long, pedicels stout, 10—12 mm long, 9—10 mm in diameter at apex, green, papillate; sepals elliptic- lanceolate, apex acute, 35-36 x 12-14 mm, inconspicuously white-lepidote inside, glabrous outside, free, ecarinate, yellow, distinctly convex, thinly coriaceous toward the apex, thick at base; petals narrowly elliptic, apex narrowly emarginate, 39 — 4 1 x 13-15 mm, connate at base for 4-5 mm, yellowish, erect to slightly suberect and forming a tubular corolla ca. 1 0 mm in diameter at apex, bearing at base 2 suboblong to obovate, acute, subobtuse to obtusely and irregularly bidentate, 6-9 x 1.7-2 mm appendages, adnate to the petals for 4-5 mm; stamens included in the petals; filaments subcomplanate and slightly delated near the apex, yellowish, adnate to the petals for 4—5 mm; anthers linear, 10-1 1 mm long, base sagittate and apex obtuse, fíxed near the base, gynoecium the same size of the petals; ovary ovate, 5—6 mm long, ovules numerous; style terete, 34-35 mm long; stigma convolute-bladed, densely papillose, yellow, 1—1.5 mm in diameter; ovules long caudate. Capsules narrowly ovoid, acuminate, 38—40 x 0.9— 1 mm. Material examinado: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Santa Leopoldina, Luxemburgo, 15.III.2005, fl. e fr., A.P. Fontana et al. 1147 (MBML). Santa Teresa, Distrito de 25 de Julho, 29.IV.2005, fr., A.P. Fontana et al. 1411 (MBML). Valsugana Velha, propriedade do Dr. Pedro, 2.VIII.2005, fr., A.P. Fontana & C. Esgario 163S (MBML). São Roque do Canaã, Alto Misterioso, 19°48’10.3”S, 40"46’19.2”W, 30.1.2007, fl. e fr., C. Esgario et al. 127 (MBML).
This new specie resembles Vriesea hydwphora due to its flowering size ca. 2 m high, leaves ca. 90 cm long, inflorescence ca. 145 cm long and flowers with included stamens. However, V.fontanae differs from its closer relative by leaf blades with subacute, mucronate and pungent apex (vs. apex subrounded, broadly apiculate and soft in texture), inflorescence with longer lateral branches (23-34 cm long vs. ca.
20 cm long) and more numerous flowers (16 to 22 vs. 14 to 16), stipes bearing 2 sterile bracts (vs. 1 sterile bracts), terminal branch with stipes bearing 3 sterile bracts (vs. 2 sterile bracts), floral bracts longer (35— 39 mm vs. ca. 34 mm long), flowers with papillate pedicels (vs. smooth and glabrous pedicels), and sepals 35-36 mm long (vs. 34 mm long).
Vriesae fontanae grows in the same ecological condition of the V. hydrophora, being confined to the higher parts of the mountain, 900- 1 ,400 m elevation, where the saxicolous vegetation mats on inselbergs. In contrast, the distribution of V. hydrophora is centered in the mountainous region of the Rio de Janeiro State (Teresópolis and Nova Friburgo), while the distribution of V.fontanae is located in the mountainous region of the Espírito Santo State (São Roque do Canaã, Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa).
The name of the new species honors the botanist André Paviotti Fontana, who has made very important contributions to the knowledge of the flora of Espírito Santo State, Brazil.
Vriesea multifoliata Leme & G.K. Br., sp. nov. Type: BRAZIL. ESPÍRITO SANTO: Serra, próximo a BR 101, Morro do Vilante, 20°06’ 13”S, 40°1 9’30”W, ca. 290 m elev., R. Oliveira s.n., fl. cult. IX.1997 (holotype RB 495804!; isotype MBML!).
Figs. 14a-g, 15a-b
Species nova a Vriesea harrylutheri Leme & G.K. Br. et Vriesea appariciana E. Pereira & Reitz, quibus affinis, foliis plus numerosis, laminis foliorum angustio ribus, marginibus haud distincte truncatis, bracteis floriferis ecarinatis, médium sepalorum aequantibus, ovulis caudatis differt.
Plant lacking rhizomes, flowering 45-60 cm tall. Leaves 28 to 45, densely rosulate, subcoriaceous, forming a narrow funnelform rosette at base; sheaths narrowly elliptic, suberect, 6-7.5 X4-4.5 cm, densely brown-lepidote; blades narrowly triangular, acuminate-caudate, distinctly canaliculate, suberect to spreading at anthesis, 17-25 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide at base, dark green but color almost completely obscured by a very dense layer of cinereous trichomes mainly abaxially, margins not truncate and less than 0.5 mm thick. Peduncle suberect to nearly spreading, 35-40 cm long, 0.5-0.6 cm in diameter, dark-green, glabrous; peduncle bracts the basal ones foliaceous, the upper ones ovate, acute and apiculate, 2.7-3 x ca. 2 cm, erect and almost completely enfolding the scape, slightly exceeding the intemodes, inconspicuously white-lepidote, distinctly nerved-sulcate, darkbrown
Rodriguésia 61(1)1 02 1 -067. 20 1 0
SciELO/ JBRJ
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
cm l
SciELO/ JBRJ
Figure 13 - Vriesea fontanae Fraga & Leme - a. habit and inflorescence; b. leaf, adaxial view; c. detail of leaf apex; d. peduncle bracts, from above; e. primary bracts, from above; f. floral bracts, fforn above; g. flower in side view; h. sepal, from below; i. petal and stamens, from above; j. pistil; k. cut of ovary. (a-k Fraga 1164).
Rodriguésia 61(1): 021-067. 2010
Leme, E.M.C. et a/.
cm ..
New species in Bromeliaceae
toward the base, paleaceous toward the apex; inflorescence simple, suberect-ascending toward the apex, sublinear, 10-15 xca. 2.5 cm, distichously 9- to 1 1-flowered, rachis ca. 6 mm in diameter, stout, ílexuous, slightly angled, green, glabrous; floral bracts broadly ovate, acute, 26-30 x ca. 23 mm, sparsely and minutely white-lepidote to glabrous, ecarinate, slightly incurved and secund with the flowers, dark purplish-green, strongly sulcate mainly toward the apex in late anthesis, without decurrent auricles at base, about equaling the midpoint of the sepals. Flowers 40-45 mm long, anthesis noctumal, producing an odor somewhat related to garlic, densely arranged and divergent-erect before anthesis, subdensely arranged and distinctly secund at anthesis, pedicel 8-9 mm long, stout; sepals elliptic, emarginate, 24—25 x 13—15 mm, green with purplish margins, glabrous adaxially, very inconspicuously lepidote abaxially, ecarinate, thick near the base, petals obovate, apex broadly emarginate, spreading at anthesis, 37-38 x 17-18 mm, pale yellowish-green, bearing at base 2 slightly asymmetric, subobovate, long acuminate to bidentate, ca. 1 1 x 2.5—3 mm appendages basally adnate to the petals for ca. 5 mm, corolla 27—30 mm in diameter; filaments free, slightly complanate, 23-27 x ca. 1 .5 mm; anthers 6— 8 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, base and apex obtuse, 3 of them disposed on the basal portion of the corolla and the other 3 on the lateral side of the corolla at anthesis or 3 of them disposed in opposite sides of the corolla; pollen ellipsoid, sulcate, exine reticulate, lumina broadly rounded, muri narrowed; stigma tubolaciniate, irregularly and minutely crenulate, green, ca. 2 mm in diameter; ovules caudate. Capsules unknown.
As a member of the Vriesea appariciana complex, V. multifoliata is a closer relative of V. harrylutheri and V. appariciana, but can be easily distinguished from them. In comparison to V. harrylutheri, this new species differs by the more numerous leaves (28 to 45 vs. 1 8 to 29), distinctly narrower leaf blades (2-2.5 cm vs. ca. 6.5 cm wide at base) with margins not truncate and less than 0.5 mm thick (vs. margins truncate, ca. 2 mm thick), floral bracts ecarinate (vs. obtusely carinate), equaling 1/2 ot sepals length (vs. equaling 2/3), and by the caudate ovules (vs. apiculate to shortly caudate). When compared to V. appariciana, this new species is distinguished by the